


LATEXMK(1)                  General Commands Manual                 LATEXMK(1)


NAME
       latexmk - generate LaTeX document

SYNOPSIS
       latexmk [options] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION
       Latexmk completely automates the process of compiling a LaTeX document.
       Essentially,  it  is  like  a  specialized relative of the general make
       utility, but one which determines dependencies  automatically  and  has
       some  other  very  useful features.  In its basic mode of operation la-
       texmk is given the name of the primary source file for a document,  and
       it issues the appropriate sequence of commands to generate a .dvi, .ps,
       .pdf and/or hardcopy version of the document.

       By  default  latexmk will run the commands necessary to generate a .dvi
       file, which copies the behavior of earlier versions when only latex was
       available.

       Latexmk can also be set to run continuously with a suitable  previewer.
       In  that case the latex program (or one of its relatives), etc, are re-
       run whenever one of the source files is modified, and the previewer au-
       tomatically updates the on-screen view of the compiled document.

       Latexmk determines which are the source  files  by  examining  the  log
       file.  (Optionally, it also examines the list of input and output files
       generated  by  the  -recorder  option  of modern versions of latex (and
       pdflatex, xelatex, lualatex).  See the documentation for the  -recorder
       option  of latexmk below.)  When latexmk is run, it examines properties
       of the source files, and if any have been changed since the last  docu-
       ment generation, latexmk will run the various LaTeX processing programs
       as necessary.  In particular, it will repeat the run of latex (or a re-
       lated program)) often enough to resolve all cross references; depending
       on  the  macro  packages  used.   With some macro packages and document
       classes, four, or even more, runs may be needed. If necessary,  latexmk
       will  also  run  bibtex, biber, and/or makeindex.  In addition, latexmk
       can be configured to generate other necessary files.  For example, from
       an updated figure file it can automatically generate a file in encapsu-
       lated postscript or another suitable format for reading by LaTeX.

       Latexmk has two different previewing options.  With the simple -pv  op-
       tion,  a  dvi,  postscript  or pdf previewer is automatically run after
       generating the dvi, postscript or pdf version  of  the  document.   The
       type  of  file  to view is selected according to configuration settings
       and command line options.

       The second previewing option is the  powerful  -pvc  option  (mnemonic:
       "preview continuously").  In this case, latexmk runs continuously, reg-
       ularly  monitoring  all  the  source  files to see if any have changed.
       Every time a change is detected, latexmk runs all the  programs  neces-
       sary  to generate a new version of the document.  A good previewer will
       then automatically update its display.  Thus the user can simply edit a
       file and, when the changes are written to disk, latexmk completely  au-
       tomates  the cycle of updating the .dvi (and/or the .ps and .pdf) file,



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       and refreshing the previewer's display.  It's not  quite  WYSIWYG,  but
       usefully close.

       For  other previewers, the user may have to manually make the previewer
       update its display, which can be (e.g., with some versions of xdvi  and
       gsview) as simple as forcing a redraw of its display.

       Latexmk  has  the  ability  to print a banner in gray diagonally across
       each page when making the postscript file.  It  can  also,  if  needed,
       call  an  external  program to do other postprocessing on generated dvi
       and postscript files.  (See the options -dF and -pF, and the documenta-
       tion for  the  $dvi_filter  and  $ps_filter  configuration  variables.)
       These capabilities are leftover from older versions of latexmk, but are
       currently  non-functional.  More flexibility can be obtained in current
       versions, since the command strings for running *latex can now be  con-
       figured to run multiple commands.  This also extends the possibility of
       postprocessing generated files.

       Latexmk  is highly configurable, both from the command line and in con-
       figuration files, so that it can accommodate a  wide  variety  of  user
       needs  and  system configurations.  Default values are set according to
       the operating system, so latexmk often works without special configura-
       tion on MS-Windows, cygwin, Linux, OS-X, and other UNIX  systems.   See
       the  section  "Configuration/Initialization  (rc)  Files", and then the
       later sections "How to Set Variables in Initialization Files",  "Format
       of  Command Specifications", "List of Configuration Variables Usable in
       Initialization Files", "Custom Dependencies", and "Advanced  Configura-
       tion"

       A  very annoying complication handled very reliably by latexmk, is that
       LaTeX is a multiple pass system.  On each run, LaTeX reads in  informa-
       tion generated on a previous run, for things like cross referencing and
       indexing.   In  the simplest cases, a second run of LaTeX suffices, and
       often the log file contains a message about the need for another  pass.
       However,  there  is  a  wide variety of add-on macro packages to LaTeX,
       with a variety of behaviors.  The result is to break simple-minded  de-
       terminations  of  how  many runs are needed and of which programs.  La-
       texmk has a highly general and efficient solution to these issues.  The
       solution involves retaining between  runs  information  on  the  source
       files,  and a symptom is that latexmk generates an extra file (with ex-
       tension .fdb_latexmk, by default) that contains the source file  infor-
       mation.


LATEXMK OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS ON COMMAND LINE
       In general the command line to invoke latexmk has the form

            latexmk [options] [file]

       All options can be introduced by single or double "-" characters, e.g.,
       "latexmk -help" or "latexmk --help".

       Note  1:  In the documentation, '*latex' means any of the supported en-
       gines, i.e., currently latex, lualatex, pdflatex, xelatex.  Mention  of



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       a specific one of these normally refers that specific engines.  Earlier
       versions  of  this documentation weren't so consistent.  Which of these
       is used to compile a document, depends on  the  configuration  and  the
       command line arguments.

       Note  2:  In  addition to the options in the list below, latexmk recog-
       nizes almost all the options recognized by the *latex programs in their
       current TeXLive and MiKTeX implementations.  Some of  the  options  for
       these  programs trigger special action or behavior by latexmk, in which
       case they have specific explanations in this  document;  in  this  case
       they may or may not be passed to *latex as well.

       Run  latexmk  with  the  -showextraoptions to get a list of the options
       that latexmk accepts and that are simply passed through to *latex.  See
       also the explanation of the -showextraoptions option for more  informa-
       tion.


       Definitions of options and arguments


       file   One  or more files can be specified.  If no files are specified,
              latexmk will, by default, run on all files in the current  work-
              ing  directory  with  a  ".tex" extension.  This behavior can be
              changed: see the description concerning the @default_files vari-
              able in the section "List of configuration variables  usable  in
              initialization files".

              If a file is specified without an extension, then the ".tex" ex-
              tension  is  automatically  added, just as LaTeX does.  Thus, if
              you specify:

                   latexmk foo

              then latexmk will operate on the file "foo.tex".

              There are certain restrictions on what characters can  be  in  a
              filename;  certain  characters are either prohibited or problem-
              atic for the latex etc programs.   These  characters  are:  "$",
              "%", "\", "~", the double quote character, and the control char-
              acters  null,  tab,  form  feed, carriage return, line feed, and
              delete.  In addition "&" is prohibited  when  it  is  the  first
              character of a filename.

              Latexmk  gives  a  fatal  error when it detects any of the above
              characters in the TeX filename(s) specified on the command line.
              However before testing for illegal characters,  latexmk  removes
              matching  pairs  of double quotes from a filename.  This matches
              the behavior of latex etc, and deals with  problems  that  occa-
              sionally result from filenames that have been incorrectly quoted
              on  the command line.  In addition, under Microsoft Windows, the
              forward slash character "\" is a directory separator, so latexmk
              replaces it by a forward slash "/", which is also a legal direc-
              tory separator in Windows, and is accepted by latex etc.



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       -auxdir=FOO or -aux-directory=FOO
              Sets the directory for auxiliary output files of  *latex  (.aux,
              .log  etc).   These are all the generated files, with the excep-
              tion of final output files (.dvi, .ps, .pdf, .synctex.gz, .sync-
              tex).  See the -outdir/-output-directory option for  directories
              for the main output files, and the -out2dir option for the final
              output files.

              If the directory specified for the -aux/-aux-directory option is
              blank,  then the default is used, which is to be the same as the
              output directory.

              If you also use the -cd option, and the specified auxiliary out-
              put directory is a relative path, then the path  is  interpreted
              relative to the document directory.

              See  the  section  AUXILIARY AND OUTPUT DIRECTORIES for more de-
              tails.


       -bibtex
              When the source file uses bbl files for bibliography, run bibtex
              or biber as needed to regenerate the bbl files.

              This property can also be configured by setting the  $bibtex_use
              variable to 2 in a configuration file.


       -bibtex-
              Never  run  bibtex  or  biber.  Also, always treat .bbl files as
              precious, i.e., do not delete them in a cleanup operation.

              A common use for this option is when a document  comes  from  an
              external  source,  complete  with  its bbl file(s), and the user
              does not have the corresponding bib files  available.   In  this
              situation  use  of the -bibtex- option will prevent latexmk from
              trying to run bibtex or biber, which would result in overwriting
              of the bbl files.

              This property can also be configured by setting the  $bibtex_use
              variable to 0 in a configuration file.


       -bibtex-cond
              When  the  source  file uses a bbl file for the bibliography and
              bibtex is used to  generate  the  bibliography,  run  bibtex  as
              needed  to  regenerate  the  bbl  files only if the relevant bib
              file(s) exist.  Thus when the bib  file(s)  are  not  available,
              bibtex is not run, thereby avoiding overwriting of the bbl file.
              Also,  always  treat .bbl files as precious, i.e., do not delete
              them in a cleanup operation.

              This is the default setting.  It can also be configured by  set-
              ting the $bibtex_use variable to 1 in a configuration file.



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              The  reason  for  using this setting is first to allow automatic
              switching between the use and non-use of bibtex depending on the
              existence or not of a bib file.  In  addition,  when  submitting
              articles  to  a  scientific journal, it is common to submit only
              .tex and .bbl files (plus graphics files), but not a .bib  file.
              Hence  it  is  often  useful  to treat .bbl files as true source
              files, that should be preserved under a clean up operation.

              This property can also be configured by setting the  $bibtex_use
              variable to 1 in a configuration file.

              Note that when biber is used, and a bib file doesn't exist, this
              option  does not prevent biber from being run, with the bbl file
              then being incorrect.  See the documentation on $bibtex_use  for
              more  details.   However, a bbl file is treated as precious in a
              clean up operation.


       -bibtex-cond1
              The same as -bibtex-cond except that .bbl files are only treated
              as precious if one or more bibfiles fails to exist.

              Thus if all the bib files exist, bibtex is run to generate  .bbl
              files  as  needed,  and then it is appropriate to delete the bbl
              files in a cleanup operation since they can be re-generated.

              This property can also be configured by setting the  $bibtex_use
              variable to 1.5 in a configuration file.

              Note that when biber is used, and a bib file doesn't exist, this
              option  does not prevent biber from being run, with the bbl file
              then being incorrect.  See the documentation on $bibtex_use  for
              more  details.   However, a bbl file is treated as precious in a
              clean up operation.


       -bibtexfudge or -bibfudge
              Turn on the change-directory fudge for bibtex.   See  documenta-
              tion of $bibtex_fudge for details.


       -bibtexfudge- or -bibfudge-
              Turn  off the change-directory fudge for bibtex.  See documenta-
              tion of $bibtex_fudge for details.


       -bm <message>
              A banner message to print diagonally across each page when  con-
              verting  the dvi file to postscript.  The message must be a sin-
              gle argument on the command line  so  be  careful  with  quoting
              spaces and such.

              Note  that if the -bm option is specified, the -ps option is as-
              sumed.



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       -bi <intensity>
              How dark to print the banner message.  A decimal number  between
              0 and 1.  0 is black and 1 is white.  The default is 0.95, which
              is OK unless your toner cartridge is getting low.


       -bs <scale>
              A  decimal  number  that  specifies how large the banner message
              will be printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the  right
              scale  for  your message, as a rule of thumb the scale should be
              about equal to 1100 divided by the number of characters  in  the
              message.  The default is 220.0 which is just right for 5 charac-
              ter messages.


       -commands
              List the commands used by latexmk for processing files, and then
              exit.


       -c     Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by latex and
              bibtex or biber except dvi, postscript and pdf.  These files are
              a  combination  of log files, aux files, latexmk's database file
              of source file information, and those with extensions  specified
              in  the  @generated_exts  configuration  variable.  In addition,
              files specified by the $clean_ext and @generated_exts configura-
              tion variables are removed.

              This cleanup is instead of a regular make.  See the  -gg  option
              if you want to do a cleanup followed by a make.

              Treatment  of  .bbl files:  If $bibtex_use is set to 0 or 1, bbl
              files are always treated as non-regeneratable.   If  $bibtex_use
              is set to 1.5, bbl files are counted as non-regeneratable condi-
              tionally:  If the bib file exists, then bbl files are regenerat-
              able, and are deleted in a clean up.  But if $bibtex_use is  1.5
              and  a bib file doesn't exist, then the bbl files are treated as
              non-regeneratable and hence are not deleted.

              In contrast, if $bibtex_use is set to 2, bbl  files  are  always
              treated as regeneratable, and are deleted in a cleanup.

              Treatment   of   files  generated  by  custom  dependencies:  If
              $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated  is  nonzero,   regeneratable
              files  are considered as including those generated by custom de-
              pendencies and are also deleted.  Otherwise these files are  not
              deleted.


       -C     Clean up (remove) all regeneratable files generated by latex and
              bibtex or biber.  This is the same as the -c option with the ad-
              dition  of dvi, postscript and pdf files, and those specified in
              the $clean_full_ext configuration variable.




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              This cleanup is instead of a regular make.  See the  -gg  option
              if you want to do a cleanup followed by a make.

              See  the  -c option for the specification of whether or not .bbl
              files are treated as non-regeneratable or regeneratable.

              If $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated is nonzero,  regeneratable
              files  are considered as including those generated by custom de-
              pendencies and are also deleted.  Otherwise these files are  not
              deleted.


       -CA    (Obsolete).   Now  equivalent to the -C option.  See that option
              for details.


       -cd    Change to the directory containing the main source  file  before
              processing  it.  Then all the generated files (.aux, .log, .dvi,
              .pdf, etc) will be relative to the source file.

              This option is particularly useful when latexmk is invoked  from
              a  GUI configured to invoke latexmk with a full pathname for the
              source file.

              This option works by setting the $do_cd  configuration  variable
              to  one;  you can set that variable if you want to configure la-
              texmk to have the effect of the -cd option without specifying it
              on the command line.  See the documentation for that variable.


       -cd-   Do NOT change to the directory containing the main  source  file
              before processing it.  Then all the generated files (.aux, .log,
              .dvi,  .pdf,  etc)  will  be  relative  to the current directory
              rather than the source file.

              This is the default behavior and corresponds to the behavior  of
              the *latex programs.  However, it is not desirable behavior when
              latexmk  is invoked by a GUI configured to invoke latexmk with a
              full pathname for the source file.  See the -cd option.

              This option works by setting the $do_cd  configuration  variable
              to  zero.   See the documentation for that variable for more in-
              formation.


       -CF    Remove the file containing the database of source file  informa-
              tion, before doing the other actions requested.


       -d     Set  draft  mode.  This prints the banner message "DRAFT" across
              your page when converting the dvi file to postscript.  Size  and
              intensity can be modified with the -bs and -bi options.  The -bm
              option  will override this option as this is really just a short
              way of specifying:



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                   latexmk -bm DRAFT

              Note that if the -d option is specified, the -ps option  is  as-
              sumed.


       -deps  Show a list of dependent files after processing.  This is in the
              form  of a dependency list of the form used by the make program,
              and it is therefore suitable for use in a Makefile.  It gives an
              overall view of the files without listing intermediate files, as
              well as latexmk can determine them.

              By default the list of dependent files is sent to stdout  (i.e.,
              normally  to  the screen unless you've redirected latexmk's out-
              put). But you can set the filename where the list is sent by the
              -deps-out= option.

              See the section "USING latexmk WITH make" for an example of  how
              to use a dependency list with make.

              Users  familiar  with  GNU  automake  and gcc will find that the
              -deps option is very similar in its purpose and results  to  the
              -M  option  to gcc.  (In fact, latexmk also has options -M, -MF,
              and -MP options that behave like those of gcc.)


       -dependents
              Equivalent to -deps.


       -deps- Do not show a list of dependent files after  processing.   (This
              is the default.)


       -dependents-
              Equivalent to -deps-.


       -deps-escape=<string>
              Set the kind of escaping used for spaces in the dependency list.
              The  possible  values are "none", "unix", "nmake", corresponding
              respectively to no escaping, escaping with a  "\"  suitable  for
              standard  Unix  make,  and  escaping  with "^", suitable for Mi-
              crosoft's nmake.


       -deps-out=FILENAME
              Set the filename to which the list of dependent files  is  writ-
              ten.   If  the  FILENAME argument is omitted or set to "-", then
              the output is sent to stdout.

              Use of this option also turns on the output of the list  of  de-
              pendent files after processing.




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       -dF    Dvi  file  filtering.   The  argument to this option is a filter
              which will generate a  filtered  dvi  file  with  the  extension
              ".dviF".   All  extra processing (e.g. conversion to postscript,
              preview, printing) will then be performed on this  filtered  dvi
              file.

              Example usage: To use dviselect to select only the even pages of
              the dvi file:

                   latexmk -dF "dviselect even" foo.tex


       -diagnostics
              Print  detailed diagnostics during a run.  This may help for de-
              bugging problems or to understand latexmk's behavior  in  diffi-
              cult situations.


       -dir-report
              For  each .tex file processed, list the settings for aux and out
              directories, after they have been normalized from  the  settings
              specified  during  initialization.  See  the  description of the
              variable $aux_out_dir_report for more details.


       -dir-report-
              Do not report the settings for aux and  out  directories.   (De-
              fault)


       -dir-report-only
              After  all initialization is complete, give the settings for the
              aux and out directories, and then halt.  This option is  primar-
              ily used for debugging configuration issues.


       -dvi   Generate dvi version of document using latex.


       -dvilua
              Generate  dvi  version of document using lualatex instead of la-
              tex.


       -dvi-  Turn off generation of dvi version of document.  (This  may  get
              overridden,  if  some other file is made (e.g., a .ps file) that
              is generated from the dvi file, or if no generated file  at  all
              is requested.)


       -dvilualatex="COMMAND"
              This sets the string specifying the command to run dvi lualatex.
              It  behaves  like  the  -pdflatex  option, but sets the variable
              $dvilualatex.



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              Note: This option when provided with the COMMAND  argument  only
              sets  the  command for invoking dvilualatex; it does not turn on
              the use of dvilualatex. That is done by other options or  in  an
              initialization file.


       -e <code>
              Execute  the  specified  initialization  code before processing.
              The code is Perl code of the same form as is used  in  latexmk's
              initialization  files.  For more details, see the information on
              the -r option, and the section about  "Configuration/initializa-
              tion  (RC)  files".  The code is typically a sequence of assign-
              ment statements separated by semicolons.

              The code is executed when the -e option  is  encountered  during
              latexmk's  parsing of its command line.  See the -r option for a
              way of executing initialization code from a file.  An error  re-
              sults  in latexmk stopping.  Multiple instances of the -r and -e
              options can be used, and they are executed in the order they ap-
              pear on the command line.

              Some care is needed to deal with proper quoting of special char-
              acters in the code on the command line.   For  example,  suppose
              you  want  to set the latex command to use its -shell-escape op-
              tion, then under UNIX/Linux you could use the line

                   latexmk -e '$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/' file.tex

              Note that the single  quotes  block  normal  UNIX/Linux  command
              shells  from  treating  the characters inside the quotes as spe-
              cial.  (In this example, the q/.../ construct is  a  Perl  idiom
              equivalent  to  using  single quotes.  This avoids the complica-
              tions of getting a quote  character  inside  an  already  quoted
              string  in  a  way that is independent of both the shell and the
              operating-system.)

              The above command line  will  NOT  work  under  MS-Windows  with
              cmd.exe  or  command.com  or 4nt.exe.  For MS-Windows with these
              command shells you could use

                   latexmk -e "$latex=q/latex %O -shell-escape %S/" file.tex

              or

                   latexmk -e "$latex='latex %O -shell-escape %S'" file.tex

              The last two examples will  NOT  work  with  UNIX/Linux  command
              shells.

              (Note:  the above examples show are to show how to use the -e to
              specify initialization code to be executed.  But the  particular
              effect can be achieved also by the use of the -latex option with
              less problems in dealing with quoting.)




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       -emulate-aux-dir
              Emulate the use of an aux directory instead of leaving it to the
              *latex  programs to do it.  (MiKTeX supports -aux-directory, but
              TeXLive doesn't.)

              See the section AUXILIARY AND OUTPUT DIRECTORIES  for  more  de-
              tails.


       -emulate-aux-dir-
              Turn off emulation to implement an aux directory and leave it to
              the  *latex program to handle the case that the aux directory is
              different from the output  directory.   Note  that  if  you  use
              TeXLive,  which doesn't support -aux-directory, latexmk will au-
              tomatically switch aux_dir emulation on after the first  run  of
              *latex, because it will find the .log file in the wrong place.


       -f     Force  latexmk  to  continue document processing despite errors.
              Normally, when latexmk detects that LaTeX or another program has
              found an error which will not be resolved by further processing,
              no further processing is carried out.

              Note: "Further processing" means the running of  other  programs
              or  the rerunning of latex (etc) that would be done if no errors
              had occurred.  If instead, or additionally, you want  the  latex
              (etc)  program  not  to pause for user input after an error, you
              should arrange this by an option that is passed to the  program,
              e.g.,  by  latexmk's  option -interaction=nonstopmode (which la-
              texmk passes to *latex).


       -f-    Turn off the forced processing-past-errors such as is set by the
              -f option.  This could be used to override a setting in  a  con-
              figuration file.


       -g     Force  latexmk  to process document fully, even under situations
              where latexmk would normally  decide  that  no  changes  in  the
              source  files have occurred since the previous run.  This option
              is useful, for example, if you change some options and  wish  to
              reprocess the files.


       -g-    Turn off -g.


       -gg    "Super go mode" or "clean make": clean out generated files as if
              -C had been given, and then do a regular make.


       -h or-non-help
              Print help information.




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       -hnt   Generate  hnt  (HINT)  version  of document using hilatex.  (And
              turn off dvi, postscript, and pdf modes.)


       -jobname=STRING
              Set the basename of output files(s) to STRING,  instead  of  the
              default,  which  is the basename of the specified TeX file.  (At
              present, STRING should not contain spaces.)

              This is like the same option for current implementations of  the
              *latex, and the passing of this option to these programs is part
              of latexmk's implementation of -jobname.

              There is one enhancement, that the STRING may contain the place-
              holder '%A'. This will be substituted by the basename of the TeX
              file.   The primary purpose is when multiple files are specified
              on the command line to latexmk, and you wish to  use  a  jobname
              with  a different file-dependent value for each file.  For exam-
              ple, suppose you had .tex files test1.tex and test2.tex, and you
              wished to compare the results of compilation by *latex and those
              with xelatex.  Then under a unix-type operating system you could
              use the command line

                  latexmk -pdf -jobname=%A-pdflatex *.tex
                  latexmk -pdfxe -jobname=%A-xelatex *.tex

              Then the .aux, .log, and .pdf files from  the  use  of  pdflatex
              would  have  basenames  test1-pdflatex and test2-pdflatex, while
              from xelatex, the basenames would be test1-xelatex and test2-xe-
              latex.

              Under MS-Windows with cmd.exe, you would need to double the per-
              cent sign, so that the percent character is  passed  to  latexmk
              rather than being used to substitute an environment variable:

                  latexmk -pdf -jobname=%%A-pdflatex *.tex
                  latexmk -pdfxe -jobname=%%A-xelatex *.tex


       -l     Run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode for the preview-
              ers  and  the  dvi to postscript converters.  This option is not
              normally needed nowadays, since current previewers normally  de-
              termine this information automatically.


       -l-    Turn off -l.


       -latex This  sets  the  generation of dvi files by latex, and turns off
              the generation of pdf and ps files.

              Note: to set the command used when latex is specified,  see  the
              -latex="COMMAND" option.




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       -latex="COMMAND"
              This sets the string specifying the command to run latex, and is
              typically  used  to  add desired options.  Since the string nor-
              mally contains spaces, it should be quoted, e.g.,

                   latexmk -latex="latex --shell-escape %O %S"  foo.tex

              The specification of the contents of the string are the same  as
              for  the $latex configuration variable.  Depending on your oper-
              ating system and the command-line shell you are using,  you  may
              need  to change the single quotes to double quotes (or something
              else).

              Note: This option when provided with the COMMAND  argument  only
              sets the command for invoking latex; it does not turn on the use
              of  latex. That is done by other options or in an initialization
              file.

              To set the command for running pdflatex (rather than the command
              for latex) see the -pdflatex option.


       -logfilewarninglist
              -logfilewarnings After a run of *latex, give a list of  warnings
              about  undefined citations and references (unless silent mode is
              on).

              See also the $silence_logfile_warnings configuration variable.


       -logfilewarninglist-
              -logfilewarnings- After a run of *latex, do not give a  list  of
              warnings about undefined citations and references.  (Default)

              See also the $silence_logfile_warnings configuration variable.


       -lualatex
              Use  lualatex.   That  is,  use  lualatex  to process the source
              file(s) to pdf.  The generation of dvi and postscript  files  is
              turned off.

              This option is equivalent to using the following set of options

                   -pdflua -dvi- -ps-

              (Note:  Note  that  the method of implementation of this option,
              but not its intended effect, differ from some  earlier  versions
              of latexmk.)


       -lualatex="COMMAND"
              This sets the string specifying the command to run lualatex.  It
              behaves  like  the  -pdflatex  option,  but  sets  the  variable



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              $lualatex.

              Note: This option when provided with the COMMAND  argument  only
              sets  the command for invoking lualatex; it does not turn on the
              use of lualatex. That is done by other options or in an initial-
              ization file.


       -M     Show list of dependent files after processing.  This is  equiva-
              lent to the -deps option.


       -MF file
              If  a  list of dependents is made, the -MF specifies the file to
              write it to.


       -MP    If a list of dependents is made, include a phony target for each
              source file.  If you use the dependents list in a Makefile,  the
              dummy rules work around errors the program make gives if you re-
              move header files without updating the Makefile to match.


       -makeindexfudge
              Turn  on the change-directory fudge for makeindex.  See documen-
              tation of $makeindex_fudge for details.


       -makeindexfudge-
              Turn off the change-directory fudge for makeindex.  See documen-
              tation of $makeindex_fudge for details.


       $min_sleep_time [0.01]
              This is the minimum nonzero value allowed for $sleep_time.


       -MSWinBackSlash
              This option only has an effect when latexmk is running under MS-
              Windows.  This is that when latexmk runs a command under MS-Win-
              dows, the Windows standard directory separator "\"  is  used  to
              separate  directory  components in a file name.  Internally, la-
              texmk uses "/" for the directory separator character,  which  is
              the character used by Unix-like systems.

              This is the default behavior.  However the default may have been
              overridden  by  a configuration file (latexmkrc file) which sets
              $MSWin_back_slash=0.


       -MSWinBackSlash-
              This option only has an effect when latexmk is running under MS-
              Windows.  This is that when latexmk runs a command under MS-Win-
              dows, the  substitution  of  "\"  for  the  separator  character



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              between directory components of a file name is not done. Instead
              the forward slash "/" is used, the same as on Unix-like systems.
              This is acceptable in most situations under MS-Windows, provided
              that filenames are properly quoted, as latexmk does by default.

              See   the   documentation   for   the   configuration   variable
              $MSWin_back_slash for more details.


       -new-viewer
              When in continuous-preview mode, always start a  new  viewer  to
              view  the generated file.  By default, latexmk will, in continu-
              ous-preview mode, test for a previously  running  previewer  for
              the same file and not start a new one if a previous previewer is
              running.  However, its test sometimes fails (notably if there is
              an  already-running previewer that is viewing a file of the same
              name as the current file, but in a different  directory).   This
              option turns off the default behavior.


       -new-viewer-
              The  inverse  of the -new-viewer option.  It puts latexmk in its
              normal behavior that in preview-continuous mode it checks for an
              already-running previewer.


       -nobibtex
              Never run bibtex or biber.  Equivalent to the -bibtex- option.


       -nobibtexfudge or -nobibfudge
              Turn off the change-directory fudge for bibtex.  See  documenta-
              tion of $bibtex_fudge for details.


       -noemulate-aux-dir
              Turn aux_dir emulation off.  Same as -emulate-aux-dir-.


       -nomakeindexfudge
              Turn off the change-directory fudge for makeindex.  See documen-
              tation of $makeindex_fudge for details.


       -norc  Turn off the automatic reading of initialization (rc) files.

              N.B.  Normally the initialization files are read and obeyed, and
              then command line options are obeyed in the order they  are  en-
              countered.   But -norc is an exception to this rule: it is acted
              on first, no matter where it occurs on the command line.


       -outdir=FOO or -output-directory=FOO




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              Sets the directory for the output files of *latex.

              If the aux directory is not set or is the same as the output di-
              rectory, then all output files of *latex are sent to the  output
              directory.

              If the aux directory is set, e.g., by the option -auxdir, and is
              not  equal to the output directory, then only the primary output
              files (.dvi, .ps, .pdf, .synctex, .synctex.gz) are sent  to  the
              output  directory. Other generated files are sent to the aux di-
              rectory.

              See the section AUXILIARY AND OUTPUT DIRECTORIES  for  more  de-
              tails.


       -out2dir=FOO

              (Experimental new feature.)

              Sets  the  directory for the final output files of a whole round
              of compilations.

              The use of this directory solves, among other things, the  prob-
              lem  that  when  multiple  runs of *latex and other programs are
              needed, files like the main pdf file from pdflatex, etc will  be
              changed  multiple  times.  A viewer like SumatraPDF that reloads
              the file whenever it detects changes will show a distracting se-
              quence of intermediate states of the pdf file, rather than  just
              the final version after all the repeated runs of *latex etc have
              been  done.   Instead, when a distinct final-output directory is
              set, by the -out2dir option or the equivalent $out2_dir variable
              is set, the viewer will only see a changed pdf (etc) file  after
              full sequence of repeated runs of *latex etc has finished.

              By  default the final output directory is the same as the output
              directory (as specified by the -outdir option or the setting  of
              the variable $out_dir configuration variable).



       -output-format=FORMAT
              This  option  is  one  that  is allowed for latex, lualatex, and
              pdflatex. But it is not passed to these programs.   Instead  la-
              texmk  emulates  it in a way suitable for the context of latexmk
              and its workflows.

              If FORMAT is dvi, then dvi output is turned on,  and  postscript
              and  pdf  output are turned off. This is equivalent to using the
              options -dvi -ps- -pdf-.

              If FORMAT is pdf, then pdf output is  turned  on,  and  dvi  and
              postscript  output  are  turned off. This is equivalent to using
              the options -pdf -ps- -dvi-.



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              If FORMAT is anything else, latexmk gives an error.


       -p     Print out the document.  By default the file to  be  printed  is
              the  first  in the list postscript, pdf, dvi that is being made.
              But you can use the -print=... option to change the type of file
              to be printed, and you can configure this in a start up file (by
              setting the $print_type variable).

              However, printing is enabled by default  only  under  UNIX/Linux
              systems, where the default is to use the lpr command and only on
              postscript files.  In general, the correct behavior for printing
              very much depends on your system's software.  In particular, un-
              der  MS-Windows you must have suitable program(s) available, and
              you must have configured the print  commands  used  by  latexmk.
              This  can  be  non-trivial.   See the documentation on the $lpr,
              $lpr_dvi, and $lpr_pdf configuration variables to see how to set
              the commands for printing.

              This option is incompatible with the -pv and -pvc options, so it
              turns them off.


       -pdf   Generate pdf version of document using pdflatex.  (If  you  wish
              to use lualatex or xelatex, you can use whichever of the options
              -pdflua,  -pdfxe,  -lualatex or -xelatex applies.)  To configure
              latexmk to have such behavior by default,  see  the  section  on
              "Configuration/initialization (rc) files".


       -pdfdvi
              Generate  dvi file and then pdf version of document from the dvi
              file, by default using dvipdf.

              The program used to compile the document to dvi is latex by  de-
              fault,  but  this can be changed to dvilulatex by the use of the
              -dvilua option or by setting $dvi_mode to 2.


       -pdflua
              Generate pdf version of document using lualatex.


       -pdfps Generate dvi file, ps file from the dvi file,  and then pdf file
              from the ps file.

              The program used to compile the document to dvi is latex by  de-
              fault,  but  this can be changed to dvilulatex by the use of the
              -dvilua option or by setting $dvi_mode to 2.


       -pdfxe Generate pdf version of document using xelatex.   Note  that  to
              optimize  processing  time,  latexmk uses xelatex to generate an
              .xdv file rather than a pdf file directly.  Only after  possibly



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              multiple  runs to generate a fully up-to-date .xdv file does la-
              texmk then call xdvipdfmx to generate the final .pdf file.

              (Note: The reason why latexmk arranges for xelatex  to  make  an
              .xdv  file instead of the xelatex's default of a .pdf file is as
              follows: When the document includes large graphics files,  espe-
              cially  .png  files,  the production of a .pdf file can be quite
              time consuming, even when the creation of the .xdv file by xela-
              tex is fast.  So the use of the intermediate .xdv file  can  re-
              sult in substantial gains in procesing time, since the .pdf file
              is produced once rather than on every run of xelatex.)


       -pdf-  Turn  off  generation  of pdf version of document.  (This can be
              used to override a setting in a configuration file.  It may  get
              overridden if some other option requires the generation of a pdf
              file.)

              If  after  all  options  have  been processed, pdf generation is
              still turned off, then generation of a dvi file will  be  turned
              on, and then the program used to compiled a document will be la-
              tex  (or,  more  precisely, whatever program is configured to be
              used in the $latex configuration variable).


       -pdflatex
              This sets the generation of pdf files by pdflatex, and turns off
              the generation of dvi and ps files.

              Note: to set the command used when pdflatex  is  specified,  see
              the -pdflatex="COMMAND" option.


       -pdflatex="COMMAND"
              This sets the string specifying the command to run pdflatex, and
              is typically used to add desired options.  Since the string nor-
              mally contains spaces, it should be quoted, e.g.,

                   latexmk  -pdf  -pdflatex="pdflatex  --shell-escape  %O  %S"
              foo.tex

              The specification of the contents of the string are the same  as
              for the $pdflatex configuration variable.  (The option -pdflatex
              in fact sets the variable $pdflatex.)  Depending on your operat-
              ing  system  and  the  command-line shell you are using, you may
              need to change the single quotes to double quotes (or  something
              else).

              Note:  This  option when provided with the COMMAND argument only
              sets the command for invoking pdflatex; it does not turn on  the
              use of pdflatex. That is done by other options or in an initial-
              ization file.

              To  set  the  command for running latex (rather than the command



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              for pdflatex) see the -latex option.


       -pdflualatex="COMMAND"
              Equivalent to -lualatex="COMMAND".


       -pdfxelatex="COMMAND"
              Equivalent to -xelatex="COMMAND".


       -pretex=CODE

              Given that CODE is some TeX code, this options sets that code to
              be executed before inputting source file.  This  only  works  if
              the command for invoking the relevant *latex is suitably config-
              ured.   See the documentation of the variable $pre_tex_code, and
              the substitution strings %P and %U for more details.   This  op-
              tion works by setting the variable $pre_tex_code.

              See also the -usepretex option.

              An example:

                  latexmk  -pretex='\AtBeginDocument{Message\par}'  -usepretex
              foo.tex

              But this is better written

                  latexmk -usepretex='\AtBeginDocument{Message\par}' foo.tex

              If you already have a suitable command configured, you only need

                  latexmk -pretex='\AtBeginDocument{Message\par}' foo.tex


       -print=dvi, -print=ps, -print=pdf, -print=auto,
              Define which kind of file is printed.  This option also  ensures
              that the requisite file is made, and turns on printing.

              The (default) case -print=auto determines the kind of print file
              automatically  from  the  set  of files that is being made.  The
              first in the list postscript, pdf, dvi that is among  the  files
              to be made is the one used for print out.


       -ps    Generate postscript version of document.


       -ps-   Turn off generation of postscript version of document.  This can
              be  used to override a setting in a configuration file.  (It may
              get overridden by some other option that requires  a  postscript
              file, for example a request for printing.)




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       -pF    Postscript  file  filtering.   The  argument to this option is a
              filter which will generate a filtered postscript file  with  the
              extension ".psF".  All extra processing (e.g. preview, printing)
              will then be performed on this filtered postscript file.

              Example of usage: Use psnup to print two pages on the one page:

                   latexmk -ps -pF 'psnup -2' foo.tex

              or

                   latexmk -ps -pF "psnup -2" foo.tex

              Whether to use single or double quotes round the "psnup -2" will
              depend  on  your  command interpreter, as used by the particular
              version of perl and the operating system on your computer.


       -pv    Run file previewer.  If the -view option is used, that will  se-
              lect the kind of file to be previewed (.pdf, .ps or .dvi).  Oth-
              erwise  the  viewer views the "highest" kind of output file that
              is made, with the ordering being .pdf, .ps, .dvi (high to  low).
              This  option is incompatible with the -p and -pvc options, so it
              turns them off.


       -pv-   Turn off -pv.


       -pvc   Run a file previewer  and  continually  update  the  .dvi,  .ps,
              and/or .pdf files whenever changes are made to source files (see
              the  Description  above).  Which of these files is generated and
              which is viewed is governed by the other  options,  and  is  the
              same  as for the -pv option.  The preview-continuous option -pvc
              can only work with one file.  So in this case you will  normally
              only  specify  one filename on the command line.  It is also in-
              compatible with the -p and -pv options, so it  turns  these  op-
              tions off.

              The  -pvc  option also turns off force mode (-f), as is normally
              best for continuous preview mode.   If  you  really  want  force
              mode, use the options in the order -pvc -f.

              With a good previewer the display will be automatically updated.
              (Under  some but not all versions of UNIX/Linux "gv -watch" does
              this for postscript files; this can be set  by  a  configuration
              variable.   This would also work for pdf files except for an ap-
              parent bug in gv that causes an error when the newly updated pdf
              file is read.)  Many other previewers will need a manual update.

              Important note: the acroread program on MS-Windows locks the pdf
              file, and prevents new versions being written, so it  is  a  bad
              idea  to  use  acroread  to view pdf files in preview-continuous
              mode.  It is better to use a different  viewer:  SumatraPDF  and



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              gsview are good possibilities.

              There  are  some  other methods for arranging an update, notably
              useful for many versions of xdvi and xpdf.  These are  best  set
              in latexmk's configuration; see below.

              Note  that  if  latexmk  dies  or  is  stopped  by the user, the
              "forked" previewer will continue to run.  Successive invocations
              with the -pvc option will not fork new previewers,  but  latexmk
              will  normally  use the existing previewer.  (At least this will
              happen when latexmk is running under an operating  system  where
              it  knows how to determine whether an existing previewer is run-
              ning.)


       -pvc-  Turn off -pvc.


       -pvctimeout
              Do timeout in pvc mode after period of inactivity, which  is  30
              min. by default.  Inactivity means a period when latexmk has de-
              tected  no file changes and hence has not taken any actions like
              compiling the document.


       -pvctimeout-
              Don't do timeout in pvc mode after inactivity.


       -pvctimeoutmins=<time>
              Set period of inactivity in minutes for pvc timeout.


       -quiet Same as -silent


       -r <rcfile>
              Read the specified initialization file ("RC file")  before  pro-
              cessing.

              Be careful about the ordering: (1) Standard initialization files
              --  see  the section below on "Configuration/initialization (RC)
              files" -- are read first.  (2) Then the options on  the  command
              line  are acted on in the order they are given.  Therefore if an
              initialization file is specified by the -r option,  it  is  read
              during  this second step.  Thus an initialization file specified
              with the -r option can override both the standard initialization
              files and previously specified options.  But all of these can be
              overridden by later options.

              The contents of the RC file just comprise a piece of code in the
              Perl programming language (typically a  sequence  of  assignment
              statements); they are executed when the -r option is encountered
              during latexmk's parsing of its command line.  See the -e option



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              for  a  way  of giving initialization code directly on latexmk's
              command line.  An error results in latexmk  stopping.   Multiple
              instances of the -r and -e options can be used, and they are ex-
              ecuted in the order they appear on the command line.


       -rc-report
              After  initialization,  give  a  list of the RC files read. (De-
              fault)


       -rc-report-
              After initialization, do not give a list of the RC files read.


       -recorder
              Give the -recorder option with *latex.  In  (most)  modern  ver-
              sions  of  these  programs,  this results in a file of extension
              .fls containing a list of the files  that  these  programs  have
              read  and  written.   Latexmk will then use this file to improve
              its detection of source files and generated files after a run of
              *latex.  This is the default setting of latexmk, unless overrid-
              den in an initialization file.

              For further information, see the documentation for the $recorder
              configuration variable.


       -recorder-
              Do not supply the -recorder option with *latex.


       -rules Show a list of latemk's rules and dependencies after processing.


       -rules-
              Do not show a list of latexmk's  rules  and  dependencies  after
              processing.  (This is the default.)


       -showextraoptions
              Show  the  list of extra *latex options that latexmk recognizes,
              but that it simply passes through to the programs  *latex   when
              they  are  run.   These options are (currently) a combination of
              those allowed by the TeXLive and MiKTeX implementations.  (If  a
              particular  option is given to latexmk but is not handled by the
              particular implementation of *latex that  is  being  used,  that
              program  will  probably  give a warning or an error.)  These op-
              tions are very numerous, but are not listed in  this  documenta-
              tion because they have no effect on latexmk's actions.

              There  are a few options (e.g., -includedirectory=dir, -initial-
              ize, -ini) that are not recognized, either  because  they  don't
              fit  with  latexmk's  intended  operations, or because they need



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              special processing by latexmk that isn't implemented (at  least,
              not yet).

              There  are  certain  options  for  *latex (e.g., -recorder) that
              trigger special actions or behavior by latexmk itself. Depending
              on the action, they may also be  passed  in  some  form  to  the
              called *latex program, and/or may affect other programs as well.
              These  options  do  have  entries  in this documentation.  Among
              these options are: -jobname=STRING, -aux-directory=dir, -output-
              directory=DIR, -quiet, and -recorder.

              There are also options that are accepted by *latex, but  instead
              trigger actions purely by latexmk: -help, -version.


       -silent
              Run commands silently, i.e., with options that reduce the amount
              of  diagnostics  generated.   For example, with the default set-
              tings, the command "latex -interaction=batchmode"  is  used  for
              latex, and similarly for its friends.

              See  also  the  -logfilewarninglist and -logfilewarninglist- op-
              tions.

              Also reduce the number of informational  messages  that  latexmk
              itself generates.

              To  change  the  options used to make the commands run silently,
              you need to configure latexmk with changed values of its config-
              uration   variables,   the    relevant    ones    being    $bib-
              tex_silent_switch,  $biber_silent_switch, $dvipdf_silent_switch,
              $dvips_silent_switch,      $dvilualatex_silent_switch,      $la-
              tex_silent_switch,        $lualatex_silent_switch       $makein-
              dex_silent_switch,    $pdflatex_silent_switch,    and     $xela-
              tex_silent_switch


       -stdtexcmds
              Sets  the commands for latex, etc, so that they are the standard
              ones. This is useful to override special configurations.

              The result is that $latex = 'latex %O  %S',  and  similarly  for
              $pdflatex,  $lualatex, and $xelatex.  (The option -no-pdf needed
              for $xelatex is provided automatically, given that %O appears in
              the definition.)


       -time  Show time used.  (On MS Windows, what is shown is clock time; on
              other systems CPU time.)  See also  the  configuration  variable
              $show_time.


       -time- Do  not  show  time  used.   See also the configuration variable
              $show_time.



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       -use-make
              When after a run of *latex, there  are  warnings  about  missing
              files  (e.g.,  as  requested  by the LaTeX \input, \include, and
              \includgraphics commands), latexmk tries to make them by a  cus-
              tom  dependency. If no relevant custom dependency with an appro-
              priate source file is found, and if the -use-make option is set,
              then as a last resort latexmk will try to use the  make  program
              to try to make the missing files.

              Note  that  the  filename may be specified without an extension,
              e.g., by \includegraphics{drawing} in a  LaTeX  file.   In  that
              case,  latexmk  will try making drawing.ext with ext set in turn
              to the possible extensions that are relevant for  latex  (or  as
              appropriate pdflatex, lualatex, xelatex).

              See  also  the documentation for the $use_make_for_missing_files
              configuration variable.


       -use-make-
              Do not use the make program to try to make missing files.   (De-
              fault.)


       -usepretex
              Sets the command lines for latex, etc, so that they use the code
              that  is defined by the variable $pre_tex_code or that is set by
              the option -pretex=CODE to execute the specified TeX code before
              the source file is read.  This option overrides any previous de-
              finition of the command lines.

              The result is that $latex = 'latex %O  %P',  and  similarly  for
              $pdflatex,  $lualatex, and $xelatex.  (The option -no-pdf needed
              for $xelatex is provided automatically, given that %O appears in
              the definition.)


       -usepretex=CODE
              Equivalent to -pretex=CODE -usepretex.  Example

                latexmk -usepretex='\AtBeginDocument{Message\par}' foo.tex


       -v or -version
              Print version number of latexmk.


       -verbose
              Opposite of -silent.  This is the default setting.


       -view=default, -view=dvi, -view=ps, -view=pdf, -view=none
              Set the kind of file used when previewing is requested (e.g., by
              the -pv or -pvc switches).  The default is to view the "highest"



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              kind of requested file (in  the  low-to-high  order  .dvi,  .ps,
              .pdf).

              Note  the  possibility  -view=none  where no viewer is opened at
              all.  One example of is use is in conjunction with the -pvc  op-
              tion,  when  you  want latexmk to do a compilation automatically
              whenever source file(s) change, but do not want a  previewer  to
              be opened.


       -Werror
              This  causes  latexmk to return a non-zero status code if any of
              the files processed gives a warning about  problems  with  cita-
              tions  or references (i.e., undefined citations or references or
              about multiply defined references).  This is after  latexmk  has
              completed  all  the  runs it needs to try and resolve references
              and citations.  Thus -Werror causes latexmk to treat such  warn-
              ings as errors, but only when they occur on the last run of *la-
              tex  and  only after processing is complete.  Also can be set by
              the configuration variable $warnings_as_errors.


       -xdv   Generate xdv version of document using xelatex.


       -xelatex
              Use xelatex.  That is, use xelatex to process the source file(s)
              to pdf.  The generation of dvi and postscript  files  is  turned
              off.

              This option is equivalent to using the following set of options

                   -pdfxe -dvi- -ps-

              [Note:  Note  that  the method of implementation of this option,
              but not its intended primary effect, differ  from  some  earlier
              versions  of latexmk. Latexmk first uses xelatex to make an .xdv
              file, and does all the extra runs  needed  (including  those  of
              bibtex,  etc).   Only  after that does it make the pdf file from
              the .xdv file, using xdvipdfmx.  See the documentation  for  the
              -pdfxe for why this is done.]


       -xelatex="COMMAND"
              This  sets the string specifying the command to run xelatex.  It
              sets the variable $xelatex.

              Warning: It is important to ensure that the -no-pdf is used when
              xelatex is invoked, since latexmk expects xelatex to produce  an
              .xdv  file,  not  a  .pdf file. If you provide %O in the command
              specification, this will be done automatically.  See  the  docu-
              mentation  for  the  -pdfxe  option for why latexmk makes a .xdv
              file rather than a .pdf file when xelatex is used.




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              An example of the use of the -pdfxelatex option:

                   latexmk -pdfxe -pdfxelatex="xelatex --shell-escape  %O  %S"
              foo.tex

              Note:  This  option when provided with the COMMAND argument only
              sets the command for invoking lualatex; it does not turn on  the
              use of lualatex. That is done by other options or in an initial-
              ization file.


       Compatibility between options

       The  preview-continuous option -pvc can only work with one file.  So in
       this case you will normally only specify one filename  on  the  command
       line.

       Options  -p, -pv and -pvc are mutually exclusive.  So each of these op-
       tions turns the others off.


EXAMPLES
       % latexmk thesis    # run latex enough times to resolve
                           cross-references

       % latexmk -pvc -ps thesis# run latex enough times to resolve
                           cross-references, make a postscript
                           file, start a previewer.  Then
                           watch for changes in the source
                           file thesis.tex and any files it
                           uses.  After any changes rerun latex
                           the appropriate number of times and
                           remake the postscript file.  If latex
                           encounters an error, latexmk will
                           keep running, watching for
                           source file changes.

       % latexmk -c        # remove .aux, .log, .bbl, .blg, .dvi,
                           .pdf, .ps & .bbl files



DEALING WITH ERRORS, PROBLEMS, ETC
       Some possibilities:

       a. If you get a strange error, do look carefully at the output that  is
       on  the  screen  and in log files.  While there is much that is notori-
       ously verbose in the output of latex (and that is added to by latexmk),
       the verbosity is there for a reason: to enable  the  user  to  diagnose
       problems.   Latexmk  does repeat some messages at the end of a run that
       it thinks would otherwise be easy to miss in the middle of  other  out-
       put.

       b.  Generally,  remember  that  latexmk  does its work by running other



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       programs.  Your first priority in dealing with errors should be to  ex-
       amine  what  went wrong with the individual programs.  Then you need to
       correct the causes of errors in the runs  of  these  programs.   (Often
       these  come  from errors in the source document, but they could also be
       about missing LaTeX packages, etc.)

       c. If latexmk doesn't run the programs the way you would like, then you
       need to look in this documentation at the list of command line  options
       and  then at the sections on configuration/initialization files.  A lot
       of latexmk's behavior is configurable to deal  with  particular  situa-
       tions.  (But there is a lot of reading!)

       The  remainder  of  these notes consists of ideas for dealing with more
       difficult situations.

       d. Further tricks can involve replacing the standard commands that  la-
       texmk runs by other commands or scripts.

       e.  For possible examples of code for use in an RC file, see the direc-
       tory  example_rcfiles  in  the  distribution  of  latexmk   (e.g.,   at
       http://mirror.ctan.org/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles).  Even if these
       examples don't do what you want, they may provide suitable inspiration.

       f.  There's  a  useful trick that can be used when you use lualatex in-
       stead of pdflatex (and in some related  situations).   The  problem  is
       that  latexmk won't notice a dependency on a file, bar.baz say, that is
       input by the lua code in your document instead of by  the  LaTeX  part.
       (Thus  if you change bar.baz and rerun latexmk, then latexmk will think
       no files have changed and not rerun lualatex, whereas if you had  '\in-
       put{bar.baz}'  in  the LaTeX part of the document, latexmk would notice
       the change.)  One solution is just to put the  following  somewhere  in
       the LaTeX part of the document:

                     \typeout{(bar.baz)}

       This  puts  a  line in the log file that latexmk will treat as implying
       that the file bar.baz was read.  (At present I don't know a way of  do-
       ing  this automatically.)  Of course, if the file has a different name,
       change bar.baz to the name of your file.

       g. See also the section "Advanced Configuration: Some extra resources".

       h.   Look   on   tex.stackexchange,   i.e.,   at    http://tex.stackex-
       change.com/questions/tagged/latexmk   Someone  may  have already solved
       your problem.

       i. Ask a question at tex.stackexchange.com.

       j. Or ask me (the author of latexmk).  My e-mail is at the end of  this
       documentation.







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AUXILIARY AND OUTPUT DIRECTORIES
       Running  *latex and the associated programs generate a number of files,
       it is often convenient to arrange for the generated files to  be  in  a
       different  directory  than  the  source file(s) of a document.  For our
       purposes here, we identify two classes of generated file.

       One class is what one may term the final output files, for example, the
       .pdf file generated by running pdflatex, or the .dvi file  from  latex.
       Also in this class is the ps file generated by applying dvips to a .dvi
       file.  There are also .synctec or .synctex.gz files that can be used by
       programs that display .pdf files and the like to  relate  positions  in
       them to positions in source files.

       The  second  class  of  file  is composed of all other generated files:
       These include notably .aux files that are used for  implementing  cross
       referencing, and are both generated on one run and read on a later run.
       Many  packages  generate  yet  more such intermediate files, as well as
       programs like bibtex, makeindex, etc.  There are also .log  files  from
       *latex and corresponding files from other programs.

       Let  us use the term "output directory" for the directory that receives
       the final output files, and "aux directory" for the directory  for  the
       other  generated files.  If no special options are provided to the *la-
       tex programs, these directories default to the current  directory,  and
       then the generated files aren't segregated.  If the two directories are
       the  same,  as  is the simplest situation, then all generated files are
       written to the same directory, and one often simply refers to the  out-
       put directory, without mentioning a separate aux directory.

       Support  for  them  is provided for them in the *latex programs: by the
       single option -output-directory for the TeXLive implementations, and by
       the options -aux-directory and -output-directory for the MiKTeX  imple-
       mentations.  Special support like this is needed for two reasons: First
       is  that  there  are  many packages that write files and it needs to be
       arranged that these are automatically written to the appropriate direc-
       tory without any rewriting of the packages' code.  Second is  that  the
       files  are  often read in again on subsequent runs of *latex, and it is
       necessary that the program knows where to find the files.

       A complication is that the TeXLive implementation does  not  allow  for
       separate  aux and output directories.  Latexmk deals with this by being
       able to emulating a separate aux directory: In this method  it  invokes
       *latex  with  just  an -output-directory option, with the directory set
       not to the desired output directory, but to the aux  directory.   After
       running  *latex,  it moves the relevant final output file(s) to the in-
       tended output directory.  Emulation can be turned  on  by  setting  the
       configuration  variable  $emulate_aux to one in a configuration file or
       by using latexmk's -emulate-aux-dir option.  The emulation method works
       equally well if MiKTeX is used.

       Latexmk also turns emulation on if it is found to be  needed,  as  fol-
       lows.   Suppose  emulation is initially off, but the aux and output di-
       rectories are different.  Then latexmk invokes *latex with an  -aux-di-
       rectory  option  and  after  the  run finds that it hasn't been obeyed,



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       notably because the .log file is in the output  directory  rather  than
       the  aux directory.  Latexmk then sets emulation on, and retries.  Con-
       ceivably, it could move all the appropriate generated  files  from  the
       output  directory to the aux directory; but there is such a large vari-
       ety of possibilities for these files that this is hard to identify  all
       of them reliably except for simple cases.

       Note  that  the  emulation issue only arises when the user has arranged
       for the the aux and output directories to be different.   When  instead
       they  are equal, e.g., because the user only set the $out_dir variable,
       then latexmk invokes *latex  with  only  an  -output-directory  option,
       which works as intended with both TeXLive and MiKTeX.

       In addition, latexmk arranges the invocations of any auxiliary programs
       like bibtex and makeindex so that they will read and write the relevant
       files  from  and  to  the  aux directory.  Programs like dvips, dvipdf,
       ps2pdf, and xdvipdfmx are invoked so that they read from the  appropri-
       ate places and write their output to the output directory.

       Files  considered as final output files, i.e., those that belong in the
       output directory rather than the aux directory: These have  the  exten-
       sions .dvi, .ps., .pdf, .synctex, and .synctex.gz.  A special case, be-
       cause of compatibility issues, is of .fls files: See below.

       Note  that  xelatex  when  invoked  with its -no-pdf option, as latexmk
       does, generates an .xdv file, which would appear to have the same  sta-
       tus  as  a  .dvi file generated by latex.  Nevertheless, latexmk treats
       .xdv as an intermediate file that is found in the aux directory.   This
       is  to  match MiKTeX's treatment of the -aux-directory option.  As fur-
       ther justification, one can say that under modern  conditions  an  .xdv
       file is (almost) always an intermediate file.  Historically, the situa-
       tion  with  .dvi files from latex was different, and currently dvi pre-
       viewers do exist.


       Variables and options for directories: The variables  for  setting  the
       aux  and output directories are $aux_dir and $out_dir, with correspond-
       ing command line options -auxdir (or -aux-directory)  and  -outdir  (or
       -output-directory).   When a value for these is blank (which is the de-
       fault value), it implies the use of a default: For the  aux  directory,
       the default is to set it equal to the output directory.  For the output
       directory, the default is to be the current directory.

       For the turning on and off of the emulation mode, there is the configu-
       ration  variable  $emulate_aux  and the options -emulate-aux-dir, -emu-
       late-aux-dir-, -noemulate-aux-dir.


       Interaction with -cd option: When the -cd option is used (or the equiv-
       alent setting of $do_cd variable), then latexmk changes the working di-
       rectory to the document directory before invoking *latex.  If  the  aux
       and/or  output  directories are given by relative paths, e.g., by -out-
       dir=output for a directory named "output",  then  the  directories  are
       relative to the document directory, rather than relative to the working



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       directory that was in effect when latexmk was invoked. This matches the
       behavior  of *latex as invoked with the provided command line directory
       argument(s) after the change of working directory to the  document  di-
       rectory.

       Automatic creation of aux and output directories: Unlike *latex, if la-
       texmk  finds  the  requested  directory/ies  don't  exist,  it  creates
       it/them, thereby avoiding errors when *latex is invoked.

       If the document uses the \include macro to read a .tex file from a sub-
       directory, *latex will attempt to write an extra aux file to the corre-
       sponding subdirectory  of  the  aux  directory.   If  the  subdirectory
       doesn't  exist,  then  *latex will complain that it can't write the aux
       file.  After the run of *latex, latexmk detects this situation, creates
       the necessary directory, and reruns *latex  with  the  error  situation
       corrected.

       Choice of aux and output directories: Often the aux and output directo-
       ries  are  given  as subdirectories of the document directory, e.g., by
       -outdir=output. But it is possible to provide, for example, an absolute
       path or a path relative to a  parent  directory,  e.g.,  "/tmp/foo"  or
       "../output".  Be aware that in general this can cause problems, notably
       with  makeindex  or  bibtex.   This is because modern versions of these
       programs, by default, will refuse to work when they find that they  are
       asked to write to a file in a directory that appears not to be the cur-
       rent  working  directory or one of its subdirectories.  This is part of
       security measures by the whole TeX system that try to prevent malicious
       or errant TeX documents from incorrectly messing with a user's files.

       By default, latexmk  evades  this  issue:  Before  running  bibtex  and
       makeindex, latexmk changes working directory to the aux directory, with
       appropriate settings of search paths.  The use or non-use of this trick
       is  governed  by the variables $bibtex_fudge and $makeindex_fudge.  Un-
       fortunately, the trick sometimes makes bibtex and makeindex  unable  to
       find files.

       If necessary the trick can be turned off. But this is incompatible with
       an  aux directory like, "/tmp/foo" of "../output").  If you really have
       to deal with this situation, and only if you have to deal with it, then
       you need to disable the security measures (and assume any risks).   One
       way of doing this is to temporarily set an operating system environment
       variable  openout_any  to  "a"  (as  in "all"), to override the default
       "paranoid" setting.

       Certain names of aux and output directories not  allowed  on  Microsoft
       Windows: It is natural to want to use the name "aux" for the aux direc-
       tory,  e.g., by using the option -auxdir=aux.  But on Microsoft operat-
       ing systems "aux" is one of the names that is not allowed for a file or
       directory.  I find it useful to standardize on  a  name  like  "auxdir"
       (e.g.,  by  -auxdir=auxdir); this works independently of operating sys-
       tem.

       Location of .fls file: Much of the dependency information that  latexmk
       uses comes from the .fls file generated when *latex is invoked with the



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       -recorder  option, which latexmk does by default.  It may seem rational
       that this is written to the aux directory.  But  in  fact  versions  of
       MiKTeX prior to Oct. 2020 wrote it to the output directory.  Later ver-
       sions  do  write  it  to the aux directory.  To deal with this, latexmk
       does two things: First, if latexmk finds that the .fls  file  has  only
       been  generated in the "wrong" directory, then latexmk copies it to the
       expected directory, after which latexmk's operation continues correctly
       independently of the behavior of *latex. Second it allows its  idea  of
       the  "correct" (or expected) directory to be configured by the variable
       $fls_uses_aux_dir.  This defaults to zero, to  correspond  to  MiKTeX's
       current behavior.



ALLOWING FOR CHANGE OF OUTPUT FILE TYPE
       When one of the latex engines is run, the usual situation is that latex
       produces  a .dvi file, while pdflatex and lualatex produce a .pdf file.
       For xelatex the default is to produce a .pdf file, but to optimize pro-
       cessing time latexmk runs xelatex its -no-pdf option so  that  it  pro-
       duces  an  .xdv  file.   Further  processing by latexmk takes this as a
       starting point.

       However, the actual output file may differ from the normal expectation;
       and then latexmk can adjust its processing to accommodate  this  situa-
       tion.   The  difference in output file type can happen for two reasons:
       One is that for latex, pdflatex and lualatex the  document  itself  can
       override  the defaults. The other is that there may be a configuration,
       or misconfiguration, such that the program that latexmk invokes to com-
       pile the document is not the expected one, or is given  options  incom-
       patible with what latexmk initially expects.

       Under  latex and pdflatex, control of the output format by the document
       is done by setting the \pdfoutput macro.  Under lualatex, the  \output-
       mode macro is used instead.

       One example of an important use-case for document control of the output
       format  is  a document that uses the psfrag package to insert graphical
       elements in the output file. The psfrag package achieves its effects by
       inserting postscript code in the output of the compilation of the docu-
       ment.  This entails the use of compilation to a .dvi file, followed  by
       the  use  of  conversion  to  a postscript file (either directly, as by
       dvips or implicitly, as an intermediate step by dvipdf).   Then  it  is
       useful  to  force output to be of the .dvi format by inserting \pdfout-
       put=0 in the preamble of the document.

       Another example is where the document uses graphics file of  the  .pdf,
       .jpg,  and  png types.  With the default setting for the graphicx pack-
       age, these can be processed in compilation to .pdf but not with  compi-
       lation  to  .dvi.  In this case, it is useful to insert \pdfoutput=1 in
       the preamble of the document to force compilation to .pdf  output  for-
       mat.

       In all of these cases, it is needed that latexmk has to adjust its pro-
       cessing  to  deal with a mismatch between the actual output format (out



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       of .pdf, .dvi, .xdv) and the initially expected  output,  if  possible.
       Latexmk does this provided the following conditions are met.

       The first is that latexmk's $allow_switch configuration variable is set
       to  a  non-zero value as it is by default.  If this variable is zero, a
       mismatch of filetypes in the compilation results in an error.

       The second condition for latexmk to be able to handle a change of  out-
       put  type is that no explicit requests for .dvi or .ps output files are
       made.   Explicit  requests  are  by  the  -dvi  and  -ps,   -print=dvi,
       -print=ps,  -view=dvi,  and -view=ps options, and by corresponding set-
       tings of the $dvi_mode, $postscript_mode, $print_type, and  $view  con-
       figuration  variables.   The print-type and view-type restrictions only
       apply when printing and viewing are explicitly requested, respectively.
       For this purpose, the use of the -pdfdvi and -pdfps  options  (and  the
       corresponding  setting  of the $pdf_mode variable) does not count as an
       explicit request for the .dvi and .ps files; they are  merely  regarded
       as  a  request for making a .pdf file together with an initial proposal
       for the processing route to make it.

       Note that when accommodating a change in output file type, there is in-
       volved a substantial change in the network of rules that  latexmk  uses
       in  its  actions.  The second condition applied to accommodate a change
       is to avoid situations where the change in the rule network is too rad-
       ical to be readily handled automatically.



CONFIGURATION/INITIALIZATION (RC) FILES
       In this section is explained which configuration files are read by  la-
       texmk.  Subsequent  sections  "How  to  Set Variables in Initialization
       Files", "Format of  Command  Specifications",  "List  of  Configuration
       Variables  Usable  in Initialization Files", "Custom Dependencies", and
       "Advanced Configuration" give details on what  can  be  configured  and
       how.

       Latexmk can be customized using initialization files, which are read at
       startup in the following order:

       1) The system RC file, if it exists.
          On a UNIX system, latexmk searches the following directories for a
          system  RC file, which may be named either "LatexMk" or "latexmkrc".
       The
          directories are searched in the following order, and latexmk uses
          the first such file it finds (if any):
          "/etc",
          "/opt/local/share/latexmk",
          "/usr/local/share/latexmk",
          "/usr/local/lib/latexmk".
          On a MS-Windows system it looks just in "C:\latexmk".
          On a cygwin system (i.e., a MS-Windows system in which Perl is  that
       of cygwin), latexmk looks in the directories
          "/cygdrive/c/latexmk",
          "/etc",



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          "/opt/local/share/latexmk",
          "/usr/local/share/latexmk",
          "/usr/local/lib/latexmk".

       If  the  environment variable LATEXMKRCSYS is set, its value is used as
       the name of the system RC file, instead of any of the above.

       2) The user's RC file, if it exists.  This can be in one of two places.
       The traditional one is ".latexmkrc" in the user's home directory.   The
       other  possibility  is "latexmk/latexmkrc" in the user's XDG configura-
       tion home directory.  The actual file read is the first  of  "$XDG_CON-
       FIG_HOME/latexmk/latexmkrc"  or  "$HOME/.latexmkrc" which exists.  (See
       https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-lat-
       est.html for details on the XDG Base Directory Specification.)

       Here $HOME is the  user's  home  directory.   [Latexmk  determines  the
       user's  home  directory as follows:  It is the value of the environment
       variable HOME, if this variable exists, which normally is the  case  on
       UNIX-like  systems  (including Linux and OS-X).  Otherwise the environ-
       ment variable USERPROFILE is used, if it exists, which normally is  the
       case on MS-Windows systems. Otherwise a blank string is used instead of
       $HOME, in which case latexmk does not look for an RC file in it.]

       $XDG_CONFIG_HOME  is  the  value  of  the environment variable XDG_CON-
       FIG_HOME if it exists.  If this environment variable  does  not  exist,
       but  $HOME  is  non-blank,  then $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is set to the default
       value of $HOME/.config.  Otherwise $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is blank,  and  la-
       texmk does not look for an RC file under it.


       3)  The  RC  file  in  the current working directory.  This file can be
       named either "latexmkrc" or ".latexmkrc", and the first of these to  be
       found is used, if any.

       4) Any RC file(s) specified on the command line with the -r option.

       Each RC file is a sequence of Perl commands.  Naturally, a user can use
       this  in  creative  ways.  But for most purposes, one simply uses a se-
       quence of assignment statements that override some of the built-in set-
       tings of Latexmk.  Straightforward cases can be handled without  knowl-
       edge  of  the  Perl  language by using the examples in this document as
       templates.  Comment lines are introduced by the "#" character.

       Note that command line options are obeyed in the order  in  which  they
       are written; thus any RC file specified on the command line with the -r
       option  can  override  previous options but can be itself overridden by
       later options on the command line.  There is also the -e option,  which
       allows initialization code to be specified in latexmk's command line.

        For possible examples of code for in an RC file, see the directory ex-
       ample_rcfiles  in  the  distribution  of  latexmk (e.g., at http://mir-
       ror.ctan.org/support/latexmk/example_rcfiles).





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HOW TO SET VARIABLES IN INITIALIZATION FILES
       The important variables that can be configured  are  described  in  the
       section  "List  of  configuration  variables  usable  in initialization
       files".  (See the earlier  section  "Configuration/Initialization  (rc)
       Files"  for  the  files where the configurations are done.)  Syntax for
       setting these variables is of the following forms:

                           $bibtex = 'bibtex %O %S';

       for the setting of a string variable,

                           $preview_mode = 1;

       for the setting of a numeric variable, and

                           @default_files = ('paper', 'paper1');

       for the setting of an array of strings.  It is possible  to  append  an
       item to an array variable as follows:

                           push @default_files, 'paper2';

       Note  that  simple  "scalar"  variables  have names that begin with a $
       character and array variables have names that begin with a @ character.
       Each statement ends with a semicolon.

       Strings should be enclosed in single quotes.   (You  could  use  double
       quotes,  as  in many programming languages.  But then the Perl program-
       ming language brings into play some  special  rules  for  interpolating
       variables  into  strings.  People not fluent in Perl will want to avoid
       these complications.)

       You can do much more complicated things, but for this you will need  to
       consult a manual for the Perl programming language.




FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS
       Some  of  the variables set the commands that latexmk uses for carrying
       out its work, for example to generate a .dvi file from a .tex  file  or
       to  view a postscript file.  This section describes some important fea-
       tures of how the commands are specified.  (Note that some of the possi-
       bilities listed here do not apply to the $kpsewhich variable;  see  its
       documentation.)

       Placeholders:  Supposed you wanted latexmk to use the command elatex in
       place  of  the  regular  latex  command,  and suppose moreover that you
       wanted to give it the option "--shell-escape".  You could  do  this  by
       the following setting:

            $latex = 'elatex --shell-escape %O %S';

       The  two  items  starting with the % character are placeholders.  These



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       are substituted by appropriate values before the command is run.   Thus
       %S  will be replaced by the source file that elatex will be applied to,
       and %O will be replaced by any options that latexmk has decided to  use
       for this command.  (E.g., if you used the -silent option in the invoca-
       tion  of  latexmk,   it  results in the replacement of %O by "-interac-
       tion=batchmode".)

       The available placeholders are:

       %A     basename of the main tex file.  Unlike %R, this is unaffected by
              the setting of a jobname by  the -jobname option or the $jobname
              configuration value.

       %B     base of filename for current command.   E.g.,  if  a  postscript
              file  document.ps  is being made from the dvi file document.dvi,
              then the basename is document.

       %D     destination file (e.g., the name of  the  postscript  file  when
              converting a dvi file to postscript).

       %O     options

       %P     If  the  variable $pre_tex_code is non-empty, then %P is substi-
              tuted  by  the  contents  of  $pre_tex_code  followed  by   \in-
              put{SOURCE},  where  SOURCE  stands  for  the name of the source
              file.  Appropriate quoting is done.  This enables TeX code to be
              passed to one of the *latex engines to be  executed  before  the
              source file is read.

              If  the  variable  $pre_tex_code is the empty string, then %P is
              equivalent to %S.

       %R     root filename.

              By default this is the basename of the main tex  file.   However
              the  value  can  be changed by the use of the -jobname option or
              the $jobname configuration variable.  This is then the  basename
              for  files like the .aux and .log files produced by running *la-
              tex, as well for the main .dvi, .pdf, .ps and/or .xdvi files.

       %S     source file (e.g., the name of the dvi file  when  converting  a
              .dvi file to ps).

       %T     The name of the primary tex file.

       %U     If  the  variable  $pre_tex_code is non-empty, then its value is
              substituted for %U (appropriately quoted).  Otherwise it is  re-
              placed by a null string.

       %Y     Name of directory for auxiliary output files (see the configura-
              tion variable $aux_dir).  A directory separation character ('/')
              is appended if $aux_dir is non-empty and does not end in a suit-
              able character, with suitable characters being those appropriate
              to  UNIX  and MS-Windows, i.e., ':', '/' and '\'.   Note that if



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              after initialization,  $out_dir is set, but $aux_dir is not  set
              (i.e.,  it  is  blank),  then  latexmk sets $aux_dir to the same
              value $out_dir.

       %Z     Name of directory for output files (see the configuration  vari-
              able  $out_dir).   A directory separation character ('/') is ap-
              pended if $out_dir is non-empty and does not end in  a  suitable
              character,  with  suitable characters being those appropriate to
              UNIX and MS-Windows, i.e., ':', '/' and '\'.

       If for some reason you need a literal % character in  your  string  not
       subject to the above rules, use "%%".

       Appropriate  quoting  will be applied to the filename substitutions, so
       you mustn't supply them yourself even if the names of your  files  have
       spaces in them.  (But if your TeX filenames have spaces in them, beware
       that  some  older  versions  of the TeX program cannot correctly handle
       filenames containing spaces.)  In case latexmk's quoting does not  work
       correctly  on your system, you can turn it off -- see the documentation
       for the variable $quote_filenames.

       See the default values in the section "List of configuration  variables
       usable in initialization files" for what is normally the most appropri-
       ate usage.

       If you omit to supply any placeholders whatever in the specification of
       a  command,  latexmk will supply what its author thinks are appropriate
       defaults.  This gives compatibility with configuration files for previ-
       ous versions of latexmk, which didn't use placeholders.

       "Detaching" a command: Normally when latexmk runs a command,  it  waits
       for the command to run to completion.  This is appropriate for commands
       like latex, of course.  But for previewers, the command should normally
       run  detached,  so that latexmk gets the previewer running and then re-
       turns to its next task (or exits if there is nothing else to  do).   To
       achieve  this  effect  of  detaching a command, you need to precede the
       command name with "start ", as in

            $dvi_previewer = 'start xdvi %O %S';

       This will be translated to whatever is appropriate for  your  operating
       system.

       Notes: (1) In some circumstances, latexmk will always run a command de-
       tached.   This  is the case for a previewer in preview continuous mode,
       since otherwise previewing continuously makes no sense.  (2) This  pre-
       cludes  the  possibility  of running a command named start.  (3) If the
       word start occurs more than  once  at  the  beginning  of  the  command
       string,  that is equivalent to having just one.  (4) Under cygwin, some
       complications happen, since cygwin amounts to a complicated merging  of
       UNIX  and  MS-Windows.   See  the  source code for how I've handled the
       problem.

       Command names containing spaces: Under MS-Windows it is common that the



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       name of a command includes spaces, since software is often installed in
       a subdirectory of "C:\Program Files".  Such command names should be en-
       closed in double quotes, as in

            $lpr_pdf  =  '"c:/Program  Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe"  /p
       %S';
            $pdf_previewer   =   'start   "c:/Program   Files/SumatraPDF/Suma-
       traPDF.exe" %O %S';
            $pdf_previewer = 'start "c:/Program  Files/SumatraPDF  (x86)/Suma-
       traPDF.exe" %O %S';


       (Note  about  the  above  example: Under MS-Windows forward slashes are
       equivalent to backslashes in a filename under almost all circumstances,
       provided that the filename is inside double quotes.  It  is  easier  to
       use forward slashes in examples like the one above, since then one does
       not  have  to worry about the rules for dealing with forward slashes in
       strings in the Perl language.)

       Command names under Cygwin: If latexmk is executed  by  Cygwin's  Perl,
       be particularly certain that pathnames in commands have forward slashes
       not  the  usual  backslashes  for the separator of pathname components.
       See the above examples.  Backslashes often get  misinterpreted  by  the
       Unix shell used by Cygwin's Perl to execute external commands.  Forward
       slashes don't suffer from this problem, and (when quoted, as above) are
       equally acceptable to MS-Windows.

       Using  MS-Windows  file  associations: A useful trick under modern ver-
       sions of MS-Windows (e.g., WinXP) is to use just the command 'start' by
       itself:

            $dvi_previewer = 'start %S';

       Under MS-Windows, this will cause to be run whatever program the system
       has associated with dvi files.  (The  same  applies  for  a  postscript
       viewer and a pdf viewer.)  But note that this trick is not always suit-
       able  for the pdf previwer, if your system has acroread for the default
       pdf viewer.  As explained elsewhere, acroread under MS-Windows does not
       work well with latex and latexmk, because acroread locks the pdf file.

       Not using a certain command: If a command is not to be run, the command
       name NONE is used, as in

            $lpr  = 'NONE lpr';

       This typically is used when an appropriate command does  not  exist  on
       your system.  The string after the "NONE" is effectively a comment.

       Options to commands: Setting the name of a command can be used not only
       for changing the name of the command called, but also to add options to
       command.   Suppose  you  want latexmk to use latex with source specials
       enabled.  Then you might use the following line  in  an  initialization
       file:




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            $latex = 'latex --src-specials %O %S';

       Running  a  subroutine instead of an external command: Use a specifica-
       tion starting with "internal", as in

            $latex = 'internal mylatex %O %S';
            sub mylatex {
                my @args = @_;
                # Possible preprocessing here
                return system 'latex', @args;
            }

       For some of the more exotic possibilities that then  become  available,
       see  the  section "Advanced configuration: Some extra resources and ad-
       vanced tricks". Also see some of the examples in  the  directory  exam-
       ple_rcfiles in the latexmk distribution.

       Advanced  tricks:  Normally one specifies a single command for the com-
       mands invoked by latexmk.  Naturally, if there is some complicated  ad-
       ditional  processing  you need to do in your special situation, you can
       write a script (or batch file) to do the processing, and then configure
       latexmk to use your script in place of the standard program.

       You can also use a Perl subroutine instead of a script  --  see  above.
       This is generally the most flexible and portable solution.

       It is also possible to configure latexmk to run multiple commands.  For
       example,  if  when  running  pdflatex to generate a pdf file from a tex
       file you need to run another program after pdflatex to perform some ex-
       tra processing, you could do something like:

            $pdflatex = 'pdflatex --shell-escape  %O  %S;  pst2pdf_for_latexmk
       %B';

       This  definition  assumes  you  are using a UNIX-like system (which in-
       cludes Linux and OS-X), so that the two commands to be  run  are  sepa-
       rated by the semicolon in the middle of the string.

       If you are using MS-Windows, you would replace the above line by

          $pdflatex = 'cmd /c pdflatex --shell-escape %O %S'
                      . '&& pst2pdf_for_latexmk %B';

       Here,  the  UNIX  command  separator ; is replaced by &&.  In addition,
       there is a problem that some versions of Perl on MS-Windows do not obey
       the command separator; this problem is overcome by explicitly  invoking
       the MS-Windows command-line processor cmd.exe.


LIST OF CONFIGURATION VARIABLES USABLE IN INITIALIZATION FILES
       In  this  section  are  specified the variables whose values can be ad-
       justed to configure latexmk.   (See  the  earlier  section  "Configura-
       tion/Initialization  (rc) Files" for the files where the configurations
       are done.)



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       Default values are indicated in brackets.  Note that for variables that
       are boolean in character, concerning whether latexmk does or  does  not
       behave  in a certain way, a non-zero value, normally 1, indicates true,
       i.e., the behavior occurs, while a zero value indicates a false  value,
       i.e., the behavior does not occur.


       $allow_subdir_creation [1]

              Specify action to take when message(s) in the .log file indicate
              a  failure of an attempt by a *latex compilation to write a file
              to a subdirectory of the output directory because the  subdirec-
              tory didn't exist.

              If the value if $allow_subdir_creation is 0, no action is taken.
              If  it  is 1, then the appropriate subdirectory is created and a
              rerun of *latex is triggered, but only if the file being written
              is an .aux file.  (This happens, for example,  if  the  document
              includes  a  file from a subdirectory of the document directory,
              by the \include command.  If the value of $allow_subdir_creation
              is 2, then the subdirectory creation is  done  independently  of
              which type of file is in question.


       $allow_switch [1]

              This  controls  what happens when the output extension of latex,
              pdflatex, lualatex or xelatex differs  from  what  is  expected.
              (The possible extensions are .dvi, .pdf, .xdv.)  This can happen
              with  the use of the \pdfoutput macro in a document compiled un-
              der latex or pdflatex, or with the use of the \outputmode  macro
              under lualatex.  It can also happen with certain kinds of incor-
              rect configuration.

              In  such a case, latexmk can appropriately adjust its network of
              rules.  The adjustment is made if $allow_switch is on, and if no
              request for a dvi or ps file has been made.

              See the section ALLOWING FOR CHANGE OF OUTPUT EXTENSION.


       $always_view_file_via_temporary [0]
              Whether .ps and .pdf files are initially to be made in a  tempo-
              rary  directory and then moved to the final location.  (This ap-
              plies to dvips, dvipdf, and ps2pdf operations, and the filtering
              operators on .dvi and .ps files.  It does not apply to pdflatex,
              unfortunately, since pdflatex provides no way  of  specifying  a
              chosen name for the output file.)

              This use of a temporary file solves a problem that the making of
              these files can occupy a substantial time.  If a viewer (notably
              gv) sees that the file has changed, it may read the new file be-
              fore the program writing the file has not yet finished its work,
              which  can cause havoc.



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              See the $pvc_view_file_via_temporary variable for a setting that
              applies  only  if preview-continuous mode (-pvc option) is used.
              See $tmpdir for the setting of the directory where the temporary
              file is created.


       $analyze_input_log_always [1]

              After a run of latex (etc), always analyze .log for input  files
              in  the  <...>  and (...) constructions.  Otherwise, only do the
              analysis when fls file doesn't exist or is out of date.

              Under normal circumstances, the data in the fls  file  is  reli-
              able, and the test of the log file gets lots of false positives;
              usually  $analyze_input_log_always is best set to zero.  But the
              test of the log file is needed at least in the following  situa-
              tion:  When a user needs to persuade latexmk that a certain file
              is a source file, and latexmk doesn't otherwise find  it.   Then
              the  user  can  write  code  that causes a line with (...) to be
              written to log file.  One important case is for lualatex,  which
              doesn't  always  generate  lines  in the .fls file for input lua
              files.  (The situation with lualatex is  HIGHLY  version  depen-
              dent,  e.g.,  there  was  a  big change between TeXLive 2016 and
              TeXLive 2017.)

              To keep backward compatibility with older versions  of  latexmk,
              the default is to set $analyze_input_log_always to 1.


       $auto_rc_use [1]
              Whether  to  automatically read the standard initialization (rc)
              files, which are the system RC file, the user's RC file, and the
              RC file in the current directory.  The command line option -norc
              can be used to turn this setting off.  Each RC file  could  also
              turn  this  setting off, i.e., it could set $auto_rc_use to zero
              to prevent automatic reading of the later RC files.

              This variable does not affect the reading of RC files  specified
              on the command line by the -r option.

       $aux_dir [""]
              The  aux directory, i.e., the directory in which auxiliary files
              (aux, log, etc) are to be written by a run of *latex.

              If this variable is not set, but $out_dir is set,  then  latexmk
              takes  the  aux directory to equal the output directory which is
              the directory to which final output files are to be written.

              If neither variable is set, then the current directory when *la-
              tex is invoked is used both for the aux and output directories.

              If the aux and output directories are distinct, then the aux di-
              rectory contains all generated files with the exception of  "fi-
              nal  output  files",  which  are  defined to be .dvi, .ps, .pdf,



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              .synctex, and .synctex.gz files.

              See the section AUXILIARY AND OUTPUT DIRECTORIES  for  more  de-
              tails.



       $aux_out_dir_report [0]
              If  this  variable  is set to 1, then prior to the processing of
              each primary .tex file, list the settings for aux and output di-
              rectories, after they have been  normalized  from  the  settings
              specified during initialization.

              This  report  gives  a  reminder  of where to look for generated
              files.

              The report is done per primary .tex file,  because  of  possible
              directory  changes  for each file (when the -cd option is used).
              In the simplest cases, the directory names are the same as orig-
              inally specified.  But in general some clean up/normalization is
              performed; this helps performance and cleans up  output  to  the
              screen.

              If this variable is set to 2, then halt after reporting the set-
              tings  for  the  aux and out directories, rather than continuing
              with processing of tex files.  This setting  is  primarily  used
              for  debugging  configuration  issues.  See the -dir-report-only
              option.


       $bad_warning_is_error [0]
              Whether to treat bad warnings reported by *latex in log file  as
              errors.  The  specifications  of  the  warning  messages  are in
              @bad_warnings.


       @bad_warnings
              Array of regular expressions specifying  messages  in  log  file
              that  are  officially  treated as warnings rather than errors by
              *latex, but which a user may treat  as  errors:  See  $bad_warn-
              ing_is_error.

              Currently  the default set of these warnings is those about \end
              occurring inside constructs.


       $banner [0]
              If nonzero, the banner message is printed across each page  when
              converting  the  dvi  file to postscript.  Without modifying the
              variable $banner_message, this is equivalent to  specifying  the
              -d option.

              Note that if $banner is nonzero, the $postscript_mode is assumed
              and the postscript file is always generated, even if it is newer



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              than the dvi file.

       $banner_intensity [0.95]
              Equivalent to the -bi option, this is a decimal number between 0
              and  1 that specifies how dark to print the banner message. 0 is
              black, 1 is white.  The default is just right if your toner car-
              tridge isn't running too low.

       $banner_message ["DRAFT"]
              The banner message to print across each page when converting the
              dvi file to postscript.  This is equivalent to the -bm option.

       $banner_scale [220.0]
              A decimal number that specifies how  large  the  banner  message
              will  be printed.  Experimentation is necessary to get the right
              scale for your message, as a rule of thumb the scale  should  be
              about  equal  to 1100 divided by the number of characters in the
              message.  The Default is just right for  5  character  messages.
              This is equivalent to the -bs option.

       @BIBINPUTS
              This  is  an array variable, now mostly obsolete, that specifies
              directories where latexmk should look for .bib  files.   By  de-
              fault  it  is set from the BIBINPUTS environment variable of the
              operating system.  If that environment variable is  not  set,  a
              single  element list consisting of the current directory is set.
              The format of the directory names depends on your operating sys-
              tem, of course.  Examples for setting this variable are:

                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:\\bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "\\server\bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "C:/bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "//server/bibfiles" );
                      @BIBINPUTS = ( ".", "/usr/local/texmf/bibtex/bib" );

              Note that under MS Windows, either a  forward  slash  "/"  or  a
              backward  slash "\" can be used to separate pathname components,
              so the first two and the second  two  examples  are  equivalent.
              Each  backward slash should be doubled to avoid running afoul of
              Perl's rules for writing strings. Generally, it is simplest  al-
              ways to use forward slashes instead of backward slashes.

              Important note: This variable is now mostly obsolete in the cur-
              rent  version  of  latexmk, since it now uses a better method of
              searching for files using the kpsewhich  command.   However,  if
              your system is an unusual one without the kpsewhich command, you
              may need to set the variable @BIBINPUTS.


       $biber ["biber %O %S"]
              The biber processing program.






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       $biber_silent_switch ["--onlylog"]
              Switch(es)  for the biber processing program when silent mode is
              on.

       $bibtex ["bibtex %O %S"]
              The BibTeX processing program.

       $bibtex_fudge [1]
              When using bibtex, whether to change directory to  $aux_dir  be-
              fore running bibtex.

              The need arises as follows:

              a.  With  bibtex  before about 2019, if the filename given to it
              contains a path component, there was a bug that bibtex would not
              find extra aux files, as produced by  the  \include  command  in
              TeX.

              b.  With  all  moderately  recent versions of bibtex, bibtex may
              refuse to write its bbl and blg files, for security reasons, for
              certain cases of the path component of the filename given to it.

              However, there are also rare cases  where  the  change-directory
              method  prevents  bibtex  from finding certain bib or bst files.
              Then $bibtex_fudge needs to be set to 0.


       $bibtex_silent_switch ["-terse"]
              Switch(es) for the BibTeX processing program when silent mode is
              on.


       $bibtex_use [1]
              Under what conditions to run bibtex or biber.  When latexmk dis-
              covers from the log file that one (or more)  bibtex/biber-gener-
              ated  bibliographies  are used, it can run bibtex or biber when-
              ever it appears necessary to regenerate  the  bbl  file(s)  from
              their  source  bib  database  file(s).   But  sometimes, the bib
              file(s) are not available (e.g., for a document obtained from an
              external archive), but the bbl files are provided.  In that case
              use of bibtex or biber will result in incorrect  overwriting  of
              the  precious  bbl  files.   The  variable  $bibtex_use controls
              whether this happens, and also  controls  whether  or  not  .bbl
              files are deleted in a cleanup operation.

              The possible values of $bibtex_use are:
                0:  never  use  bibtex  or biber; never delete .bbl files in a
              cleanup.
                1: only use bibtex or biber if the bib file(s) exist; never
                delete .bbl files in a cleanup.
                1.5: only use bibtex or biber if the bib files exist;
                conditionally delete .bbl files in  a  cleanup  (i.e.,  delete
              them only when
                the bib files all exist).



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                2: run bibtex or biber whenever it appears necessary to update
              the  bbl  file(s),  without testing for the existence of the bib
              files; always delete .bbl files in a cleanup.

              Note: When biber is being used, conditional use of biber can  be
              problematic.   From  latexmk's point of view the problem is that
              because of how biber works, a full knowledge of its source files
              can only be obtained after running biber.  In contrast, for bib-
              tex, full information on which bib files are  used  is  obtained
              from the .aux file(s) after a run of *latex.  But for biber, the
              corresponding  information  is somewhat incomplete; this the in-
              formation obtained in the .bcf file that  is  generated  by  the
              biblatex package during a run of *latex.


       $cleanup_includes_cusdep_generated [0]
              If  nonzero,  specifies that cleanup also deletes files that are
              generated by custom dependencies.  (When doing a clean up, e.g.,
              by use of the -C option, custom dependencies are those listed in
              the .fdb_latexmk file from a previous run.)


       $cleanup_includes_generated [0]
              If nonzero, specifies that cleanup also deletes files  that  are
              detected in the fls file (or failing that, in log file) as being
              generated.   It  will  also  include files made from these first
              generation generated files.

              This operation is somewhat dangerous, and  can  have  unintended
              consequences,  since the files to be deleted are determined from
              a file created by *latex, which can contain  erroneous  informa-
              tion. Therefore this variable is turned off by default, and then
              files to be deleted are restricted to those explicitly specified
              by    patterns    configured   in   the   variables   clean_ext,
              clean_full_ext, and @generated_exts.  Standard cases (e.g., .log
              files) appear in latexmk's initial value for the  array  @gener-
              ated_exts.

       $cleanup_mode [0]
              If  nonzero,  specifies  cleanup mode: 1 for full cleanup, 2 for
              cleanup except for .dvi, .ps and .pdf files, 3 for  cleanup  ex-
              cept  for  dep  and aux files.  (There is also extra cleaning as
              specified by the $clean_ext, $clean_full_ext and @generated_exts
              variables.)

              This variable is equivalent to specifying one of the  -c  or  -C
              options.   But there should be no need to set this variable from
              an RC file.

       $clean_ext [""]
              Extra extensions of files for latexmk to remove when any of  the
              clean-up  options  (-c  or  -C)  is selected.  The value of this
              variable is a string  containing  the  extensions  separated  by
              spaces.



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              It is also possible to specify a more general pattern of file to
              be deleted, by using the place holder %R, as in commands, and it
              is also possible to use wildcards.  Thus setting

                  $clean_ext  =  "out  %R-blx.bib  %R-figures*.log  pythontex-
              files-%R/*";

              in an initialization file will imply that when a clean-up opera-
              tion is specified,  not  only  is  the  standard  set  of  files
              deleted,  but  also files of the form FOO.out, FOO-blx.bib, FOO-
              figures*.log, and pythontex-files-FOO/*, where  FOO  stands  for
              the basename of the file being processed (as in FOO.tex).

              Most  of  the  files to be deleted are relative to the directory
              specified by $aux_dir.  Note that if $out_dir but  not  $aux_dir
              is  set, then in its initialization, latexmk sets $aux_dir equal
              to $out_dir.  A normal  situation  is  therefore  that  $aux_dir
              equals  $out_dir,  which  is the only case directly supported by
              TeXLive, unlike MiKTeX.  Note that  even  with  TeXLive  latexmk
              does now support different values for the directories -- see the
              explanation of the $emulate_aux variable.

              If $out_dir and $aux_dir different, latexmk actually deletes any
              files of the specified names in both $aux_dir and $out_dir; this
              is  because under certain error conditions, the files may be put
              in $out_dir instead of $aux_dir.  This also handles the case  of
              deleting any fls file, since that file is in $out_dir.

              The  filenames  specified for a clean-up operation can refer not
              only to regular files but also to directories.  Directories  are
              only deleted if they are empty.  An example of an application is
              to  pythontex,  which  creates  files in a particular directory.
              You can arrange to remove both the files and  the  directory  by
              setting

                  $clean_ext = "pythontex-files-%R/* pythontex-files-%R";

              See  also  the  (array)  variable @generated_exts.  In the past,
              this variable had certain uses beyond that of  $clean_ext.   But
              now,  they  accomplish the same things.  In fact, after initial-
              ization including the processing of command  line  options,  la-
              texmk simply appends the list of extensions in $clean_ext to the
              array @generated_exts.

       $clean_full_ext [""]
              Extra  extensions of files for latexmk to remove when the -C op-
              tion is selected, i.e., extensions of files to remove  when  the
              .dvi, etc files are to be cleaned-up.

              More general patterns are allowed, as for $clean_ext.

              The  files  specified by $clean_full_ext to be deleted are rela-
              tive to the directory specified by $out_dir.




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       $compiling_cmd [""], $failure_cmd [""], $warning_cmd [""], $success_cmd
       [""]

              These variables specify commands that are  executed  at  certain
              points  of  compilations.  One motivation for their existence is
              to allow very useful convenient visual indications  of  compila-
              tion  status even when the window receiving the screen output of
              the compilation is hidden.  This is particularly useful in  pre-
              view-continuous mode.

              The  commands  are  executed  at  the following points: $compil-
              ing_cmd at the start of compilation, $success_cmd at the end  of
              a  completely successful compilation, $failure_cmd at the end of
              an unsuccessful compilation, $warning_cmd at the of an otherwise
              successful compilation that gives warnings about undefined cita-
              tions or references or about multiply defined references. If any
              of above variables is undefined or  blank  (the  default  situa-
              tion), then the corresponding command is not executed.

              However,  when  $warning_cmd  is  not set, then in the case of a
              compilation with warnings about  references  or  citations,  but
              with  no  other  error,  one  or other of $success_cmd or $fail-
              ure_cmd is used (if it is  set)  according  to  the  setting  of
              $warnings_as_errors.

              An example of a simple setting of these variables is as follows

                  $compiling_cmd  =  "xdotool  search --name \"%D\" set_window
              --name \"%D compiling\"";
                  $success_cmd   = "xdotool search  --name  \"%D\"  set_window
              --name \"%D OK\"";
                  $warning_cmd   = "xdotool search --name \"%D\" ".
                                   "set_window --name \"%D CITE/REF ISSUE\"";
                  $failure_cmd    =  "xdotool  search --name \"%D\" set_window
              --name \"%D FAILURE\"";

              These assume that the program xdotool  is  installed,  that  the
              previewer  is using an X-Window system for display, and that the
              title of the window contains the name of the displayed file,  as
              it  normally  does.   When the commands are executed, the place-
              holder string %D is replaced by  the  name  of  the  destination
              file, which is the previewed file.  The above commands result in
              an appropriate string being appended to the filename in the win-
              dow title: " compiling", " OK", or " FAILURE".

              Other  placeholders that can be used are %S, %T, and %R, with %S
              and %T normally being identical. These can be useful for a  com-
              mand  changing  the title of the edit window. The visual indica-
              tion in a window title can useful, since the user does not  have
              to  keep shifting attention to the (possibly hidden) compilation
              window to know the status of the compilation.

              More complicated situations can best be handled  by  defining  a
              Perl  subroutine to invoke the necessary commands, and using the



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              "internal" keyword in the definitions to get the  subroutine  to
              be invoked.  (See the section "Format of Command Specifications"
              for how to do this.)

              Naturally,  the  above  settings that invoke the xdotool program
              are only applicable when the X-Window system  is  used  for  the
              relevant window(s).  For other cases, you will have to find what
              software solutions are available.


       @cus_dep_list [()]
              Custom dependency list -- see section on "Custom Dependencies".

       @default_excluded_files [()]
              When  latexmk  is invoked with no files specified on the command
              line, then, by default, it will process all files in the current
              directory with the extension .tex.  (In general, it will process
              the files specified in the @default_files variable.)

              But sometimes you want to exclude particular files from this de-
              fault list.  In that case you can specify the excluded files  in
              the array @default_excluded_files.  For example if you wanted to
              process  all  .tex files with the exception of common.tex, which
              is a not a standard alone LaTeX file but a file input by some or
              all of the others, you could do

                   @default_files = ("*.tex");

                   @default_excluded_files = ("common.tex");

              If you have a variable or large number of files to be processed,
              this method saves you from having to list them in detail in @de-
              fault_files and having to update the list every time you  change
              the set of files to be processed.

              Notes:  1.  This variable has no effect except when no files are
              specified on the latexmk command line.  2. Wildcards are allowed
              in @default_excluded_files.

       @default_files [("*.tex")]
              Default list of files to be processed.

              If no filenames are  specified  on  the  command  line,  latexmk
              processes  all  tex  files specified in the @default_files vari-
              able, which by default is set to all tex files ("*.tex") in  the
              current  directory.  This is a convenience: just run latexmk and
              it will process an appropriate set of files.  But sometimes  you
              want only some of these files to be processed.  In this case you
              can  list the files to be processed by setting @default_files in
              an initialization file (e.g., the file "latexmkrc" in  the  cur-
              rent  directory).  Then if no files are specified on the command
              line then the files you specify by  setting  @default_files  are
              processed.




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              Three examples:

                   @default_files = ("paper_current");

                   @default_files = ("paper1", "paper2.tex");

                   @default_files = ("*.tex", "*.dtx");

              Note  that more than file may be given, and that the default ex-
              tension is ".tex".  Wild cards are allowed.  The parentheses are
              because @default_files is an array variable, i.e., a sequence of
              filename specifications is possible.

              If you want latexmk to process all .tex files with a few  excep-
              tions, see the @default_excluded_files array variable.

       $dependents_phony [0]
              If  a  list  of dependencies is output, this variable determines
              whether to include a phony target for each source file.  If  you
              use  the  dependents  list  in  a Makefile, the dummy rules work
              around errors make gives if you remove header files without  up-
              dating the Makefile to match.

       $dependents_list [0]
              Whether  to  display  a  list(s) of dependencies at the end of a
              run.


       $deps_escape ["none"]
              This variable determines which kind of escaping of space charac-
              ters to use in dependency lists. The possible values are "none",
              "unix", "nmake", corresponding respectively to no escaping,  es-
              caping  with a "\" suitable for standard Unix make, and escaping
              with "^", suitable for Microsoft's nmake.

              Currently the only character escaped is a space, since  that  is
              particularly  common  in  file names and directory names.  There
              are other characters that would need escaping  if  a  dependency
              list is to be used as-is by a make program; but those characters
              (e.g., "$") commonly cause difficulties when used for .tex docu-
              ments.   Moreover,  the detailed rules for which characters need
              to be escaped depends on the version of make.


       $deps_file ["-"]
              Name of file to receive list(s) of dependencies at the end of  a
              run,  to be used if $dependents_list is set.  If the filename is
              "-", then the dependency list is set to stdout  (i.e.,  normally
              the screen).


       $do_cd [0]
              Whether  to  change working directory to the directory specified
              for the main source file  before  processing  it.   The  default



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              behavior is not to do this, which is the same as the behavior of
              *latex  programs.   This variable is set by the -cd and -cd- op-
              tions on latexmk's command line.

       $dvi_filter [empty]
              The dvi file filter to be run on the newly produced dvi file be-
              fore other processing.  Equivalent to specifying the -dF option.


       $dvilualatex ["dvilualatex %O %S"]
              Specifies the command line to invoke  the  dvilualatex  program.
              Note  that as with other programs, you can use this variable not
              just to change the name of the program used,  but  also  specify
              options to the program.  E.g.,

                                  $dvilualatex  =  "dvilualatex --src-specials
              %O %S";

              To do a coordinated setting of all  of  $dvilualatex,  $hilatex,
              $latex, $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex, see the section "Ad-
              vanced Configuration".


       $dvi_mode [See below for default]
              If  one, generate a dvi version of the document by use of latex.
              Equivalent to the -dvi option.

              If 2, generate a dvi version of the document by use of dviluala-
              tex.  Equivalent to the -dvilua option.

              The variable $dvi_mode defaults to 0, but  if  no  explicit  re-
              quests  are made for other types of file (postscript, pdf), then
              $dvi_mode will be set to 1.  In addition, if  a  request  for  a
              file  for  which  a .dvi file is a prerequisite and $dvi_mode is
              zero, then $dvi_mode is set to 1.



       $dvilualatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es) for the dvilualatex program (specified in  the  vari-
              able $dvilualatex) when silent mode is on.

              See  details  of  the $latex_silent_switch for other information
              that equally applies to $dvilualatex_silent_switch.


       $dvi_previewer ["start xdvi %O %S" under UNIX]
              The command to invoke a dvi-previewer.   [Under  MS-Windows  the
              default  is "start"; then latexmk arranges to use the MS-Windows
              start program, which will cause to be run whatever  command  the
              system has associated with .dvi files.]

              Important  note:  Normally you will want to have a previewer run
              detached, so that latexmk doesn't  wait  for  the  previewer  to



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              terminate  before  continuing  its work.  So normally you should
              prefix the command by "start ", which flags to latexmk  that  it
              should  do  the  detaching  of the previewer itself (by whatever
              method is appropriate to the operating system).   But  sometimes
              letting latexmk do the detaching is not appropriate (for a vari-
              ety  of non-trivial reasons), so you should put the "start " bit
              in yourself, whenever it is needed.

       $dvi_previewer_landscape ["start xdvi %O %S"]
              The command to invoke a dvi-previewer in landscape mode.  [Under
              MS-Windows the default is "start"; then latexmk arranges to  use
              the  MS-Windows  start program, which will cause to be run what-
              ever command the system has associated with .dvi files.]

       $dvipdf ["dvipdf -dALLOWPSTRANSPARENCY %O %S %D"]
              Command to convert .dvi to .pdf file.  A common  reconfiguration
              is  to  use  the dvipdfm command, which needs its arguments in a
              different order:

                   $dvipdf = "dvipdfm %O -o %D %S";

              WARNING: The default dvipdf  script  generates  pdf  files  with
              bitmapped fonts, which do not look good when viewed by acroread.
              That  script  should  be  modified to give dvips the options "-P
              pdf" to ensure that type 1 fonts are used in the pdf file.

       $dvipdf_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for dvipdf program when silent mode is on.

              N.B. The standard dvipdf program runs silently,  so  adding  the
              silent  switch has no effect, but is actually innocuous.  But if
              an alternative program is used, e.g., dvipdfmx, then the  silent
              switch  has  an  effect.   The  default  setting  is correct for
              dvipdfm and dvipdfmx.

       $dvips ["dvips %O -o %D %S"]
              The program to used as a filter to convert a .dvi file to a  .ps
              file.   If pdf is going to be generated from pdf, then the value
              of the $dvips_pdf_switch variable -- see below --  will  be  in-
              cluded in the options substituted for "%O".

       $dvips_landscape ["dvips -tlandscape %O -o %D %S"]
              The  program to used as a filter to convert a .dvi file to a .ps
              file in landscape mode.

       $dvips_pdf_switch ["-P pdf"]
              Switch(es) for dvips program when pdf file is  to  be  generated
              from .ps file.

       $dvips_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for dvips program when silent mode is on.

       $dvi_update_command [""]
              When  the  dvi  previewer  is  set  to  be  updated by running a



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              command, this is the command that is run.  See  the  information
              for the variable $dvi_update_method for further information, and
              see  information on the variable $pdf_update_method for an exam-
              ple for the analogous case of a pdf previewer.

       $dvi_update_method [2 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
              How the dvi viewer updates its display when  the  dvi  file  has
              changed.    The  values  here  apply  equally  to  the  $pdf_up-
              date_method and to the $ps_update_method variables.
                  0 => update is automatic,
                  1=> manual update by user, which may only mean a mouse click
              on the viewer's window or may mean a more serious action.
                  2 => Send the  signal,  whose  number  is  in  the  variable
              $dvi_update_signal.   The  default  value under UNIX is suitable
              for xdvi.
                  3 => Viewer cannot do an update, because it locks the  file.
              (As with acroread under MS-Windows.)
                  4  => run a command to do the update.  The command is speci-
              fied by the variable $dvi_update_command.

              See information on the variable $pdf_update_method for an  exam-
              ple of updating by command.

       $dvi_update_signal [Under UNIX: SIGUSR1, which is a system-dependent
       value]
              The  number of the signal that is sent to the dvi viewer when it
              is updated by sending a signal -- see  the  information  on  the
              variable  $dvi_update_method.   The default value is the one ap-
              propriate for xdvi on a UNIX system.

       $emulate_aux [1]
              Whether to emulate the use of aux directory  when  $aux_dir  and
              $out_dir are different, rather than using the -aux-directory op-
              tion  for the *latex programs.  (MiKTeX supports -aux-directory,
              but TeXLive doesn't.)

              If you use a version of *latex that doesn't support  -aux-direc-
              tory,  e.g.,  TeXLive, latexmk will automatically switch aux_dir
              emulation on after the first run of *latex, because it will find
              the .log file in the wrong place.  But it is better to set $emu-
              late_aux to 1 in an rc file, or equivalently to  use  the  -emu-
              late-aux-dir option. This emulation mode works equally well with
              MiKTeX.

              Aux  directory  emulation means that when *latex is invoked, the
              output directory provided to *latex is set to be the desired aux
              directory. After that, any files that need to be in  the  output
              directory  will  be moved there by latexmk. (These are the files
              with extensions .dvi, .ps, .pdf, .synctex, .synctex.gz, and, de-
              pending on the setting of the $fls_uses_out_dir  variable,  also
              the .fls file.)






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       $failure_cmd [undefined]
              See the documentation for $compiling_cmd.


       $fdb_ext ["fdb_latexmk"]
              The  extension  of the file which latexmk generates to contain a
              database of information on source files.  You will not  normally
              need to change this.


       @file_not_found
              This  an  array of Perl regular expressions that are patterns to
              find messages in the .log file from a run of *latex  that  indi-
              cate  that a file was looked for and not found.  To see the cur-
              rent  default  set,  you  should  look  at  the  definition   of
              @file_not_found in the latexmk.pl file.

              In  the regular expression, the string for the name of the miss-
              ing file should be enclosed in parentheses.   That  carries  the
              implication  that  after  latexmk gets a successful match to the
              pattern, the variable $1 is set to the filename, which  is  then
              picked up by latexmk.

              If  you  happen to encounter a package that gives a missing file
              message of a different form than one that  matches  one  of  the
              built-in patterns, you can add another pattern to the array.  An
              example would be

                  push @file_not_found, '^No file\\s+(.+)\\s*$';

              The regular expression itself is

                   ^Missing file\s+(.+)\s*$

              But the corresponding string specification in the push statement
              has to have the backslashes doubled.

              This  regular  expression  matches  a  line that starts with 'No
              file', then has one or more white  space  characters,  then  any
              number  of  characters forming the filename, then possible white
              space, and finally the end of the line.  (See  documentation  on
              Perl regular expressions for details.)


       $filetime_causality_threshold [5]
              The  use of this variable is as follows:  At a number of places,
              latexmk needs to determine whether a particular  file  has  been
              produced  during a just-concluded run of some rule/program or is
              leftover from a previous run. (An example is the production of a
              .bcf file by the biblatex package during a run of *latex to pro-
              vide bibliographic information to the biber program.  If a  .bcf
              file  is  not  produced  during  a current run of *latex, but is
              leftover from a previous run, then latexmk has to conclude  that
              the  .tex  document has changed so that biber is no longer to be



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              used.)

              Latexmk's criterion that a file has been produced during  a  run
              is  that  the  modification time of the file is more recent than
              the system time at the beginning of the run.  Bascially, if  the
              modification  time  is  earlier than this, then it is a leftover
              from a previous run.  However, a naive use of the criterion can,
              among other things, run afoul of the  granularity  of  how  file
              times  are stored in some file systems, which means it is possi-
              ble that the filesystem's reported time for a file  might  be  a
              second  or  more  earlier than the actual modification time, the
              exact difference being quite random.

              The variable $filetime_causality_threshold allows an  appopriate
              sloppiness  in  latexmk's use of file modification time.  It can
              be quite generous; it should merely be less than the time  scale
              on  which a human user makes changes to source files for a docu-
              ment (or to configuration files, etc).


       $fls_uses_out_dir [0]
              This variable determines whether or not the .fls file should  be
              in  the output directory instead of the natural directory, which
              is the aux directory.  If the variable is nonzero, the .fls file
              is to be in the output directory.  See the section AUXILIARY AND
              OUTPUT DIRECTORIES for more  details  about  these  directories.
              The    rationale    for    the   existence   of   the   variable
              $fls_uses_aux_dir is explained there.

              In all cases, if latexmk finds that an .fls file has been gener-
              ated  in  the  opposite  directory  to  the  one  specified   by
              $fls_uses_out_dir,  it  copies  the  file to the other directory
              (aux or output directory as appropriate).  The  file  is  copied
              rather  than simply moved, to avoid potential clashes with other
              software that assumes the .fls file is generated in  the  direc-
              tory  it  was written to by *latex. Thus the effect an incorrect
              setting of $fls_uses_out_dir is only to cause a superfluous copy
              of the .fls file to be generated.


       $force_mode [0]
              If nonzero, continue processing past minor latex errors  includ-
              ing unrecognized cross references.  Equivalent to specifying the
              -f option.


       @generated_exts [( 'aux', 'bcf', 'fls', 'idx', 'ind', 'lof', 'lot',
       'out', 'toc', 'blg', 'ilg', 'log', 'xdv' )]

              This  contains a list of extensions for files that are generated
              during processing, and that should  be  deleted  during  a  main
              clean  up  operation,  as invoked by the command line option -c.
              (The use of -C or -gg gives this clean up and more.)




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              The default values are extensions for standard  files  generated
              by  *latex,  bibtex, and the like.  (Note that the clean up also
              deletes the fdb_latexmk file, but that's separately  coded  into
              latexmk, currently.)

              After  initialization  of latexmk and the processing of its com-
              mand line, the  items  in  clean_ext  are  appended  to  @gener-
              ated_exts.   So  these two variables have the same meaning (con-
              trary to older versions of latexmk).

              The items in @generated_exts are normally extensions  of  files,
              whose  base  name  is  the same as the main tex file.  But it is
              also possible to specify patterns including  that  basename  ---
              see the explanation of the variable $clean_ext.

              In addition to specifying files to be deleted in a clean up, la-
              texmk  uses  the same specification to assist its examination of
              changes in source files: Under some situations it needs to  find
              those  changes in files (since a previous run) that are expected
              to be due to the user editing a file.  This contrasts  with  the
              cases of files that are generated by some program run by latexmk
              and  that differ from the results of the previous run.  This use
              of @generated_exts is normally unimportant, given the usual  ac-
              curacy  of  latexmk's  other ways of determining these generated
              files.

              A convenient way to add an extra extension to the list,  without
              losing  the already defined ones is to use a push command in the
              line in an RC file.  E.g.,

                              push @generated_exts, "end";

              adds the extension "end" to the list of predefined generated ex-
              tensions.  (This extension is used by the  RevTeX  package,  for
              example.)


       $go_mode [0]
              If  nonzero, process files regardless of timestamps, and is then
              equivalent to the -g option.


       %hash_calc_ignore_pattern
              !!!This variable is for experts only!!!

              The general rule latexmk uses for determining when an extra  run
              of  some  program  is needed is that one of the source files has
              changed.  But consider for example a latex package  that  causes
              an  encapsulated postscript file (an "eps" file) to be made that
              is to be read in on the next run.  The file contains  a  comment
              line  giving  its  creation  date and time.  On the next run the
              time changes, latex sees that the  eps  file  has  changed,  and
              therefore  reruns  latex.  This causes an infinite loop, that is
              only terminated because latexmk has a limit  on  the  number  of



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              runs to guard against pathological situations.

              But the changing line has no real effect, since it is a comment.
              You can instruct latex to ignore the offending line as follows:

                 $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'} = '^%%CreationDate: ';

              This creates a rule for files with extension .eps about lines to
              ignore.   The left-hand side is a Perl idiom for setting an item
              in a hash.  Note that the file extension is specified without  a
              period.  The value, on the right-hand side, is a string contain-
              ing  a  regular  expression.  (See documentation on Perl for how
              they are to be specified in general.)  This  particular  regular
              expression  specifies that lines beginning with "%%CreationDate:
              " are to be ignored in deciding whether a file of the given  ex-
              tension .eps has changed.

              There  is  only one regular expression available for each exten-
              sion.  If you need more one pattern to specify lines to  ignore,
              then  you need to combine the patterns into a single regular ex-
              pression.  The simplest method is separate the different  simple
              patterns  by  a vertical bar character (indicating "alternation"
              in the jargon of regular expressions).  For example,

                 $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'} = '^%%CreationDate:  |^%%Ti-
              tle: ';

              causes lines starting with either "^%%CreationDate: " or "^%%Ti-
              tle: " to be ignored.

              It  may happen that a pattern to be ignored is specified in, for
              example, in a system or user initialization file, and  you  wish
              to  remove  this  in a file that is read later.  To do this, you
              use Perl's delete function, e.g.,

                  delete $hash_calc_ignore_pattern{'eps'};


       $hilatex ["hilatex %O %S"]
              specifies the command line for the hilatex program.


       $hnt_mode [0]
              Whether to generate a hnt version of the document by use of  hi-
              latex.  Can be turned on by the use of the -hnt option.


       $jobname [""]

              This  specifies the jobname, i.e., the basename that is used for
              generated files (.aux, .log, .dvi, .ps,  .pdf,  etc).   If  this
              variable  is a null string, then the basename is the basename of
              the main tex file.  (At present, the string in  $jobname  should
              not contain spaces.)



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              The  placeholder  '%A' is permitted. This will be substituted by
              the basename of the TeX file.  The primary purpose is when a va-
              riety of tex files are to be processed, and you want  to  use  a
              different  jobname  for  each but one that is distinct for each.
              Thus if you wanted to compare compilations of a set of files  on
              different operating systems, with distinct filenames for all the
              cases, you could set

                 $jobname = "%A-$^O";

              in  an initialization file.  (Here $^O is a variable provided by
              perl that contains perl's name for the operating system.)

              Suppose you had .tex files test1.tex and test2.tex.   Then  when
              you run

                 latexmk -pdf *.tex

              both  files  will  be  compiled.  The .aux, .log, and .pdf files
              will have basenames test1-MSWin32 ante test2-MSWin32  on  a  MS-
              Windows system, test1-darwin and test2-darwin on an OS-X system,
              and a variety of similar cases on linux systems.


       $kpsewhich ["kpsewhich %S"]
              The  program  called to locate a source file when the name alone
              is not sufficient.  Most filenames used by latexmk  have  suffi-
              cient path information to be found directly.  But sometimes, no-
              tably when a .bib or a .bst file is found from the log file of a
              bibtex  or  biber  run, only the base name of the file is known,
              but not its path. The program specified by $kpsewhich is used to
              find it.

              (For advanced users: Because of the different way in  which  la-
              texmk uses the command specified in $kpsewhich, some of the pos-
              sibilities listed in the FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS do not
              apply.   The  internal  and  start keywords are not available. A
              simple command specification with possible options and then "%S"
              is all that is guaranteed to work.  Note  that  for  other  com-
              mands, "%S" is substituted by a single source file. In contrast,
              for $kpsewhich, "%S" may be substituted by a long list of space-
              separated  filenames,  each  of  which is quoted.  The result on
              STDOUT of running the command is then piped to latexmk.)

              See also the @BIBINPUTS variable for another  way  that  latexmk
              also uses to try to locate files; it applies only in the case of
              .bib files.


       $kpsewhich_show [0]
              Whether  to show diagnostics about invocations of kpsewhich: the
              command line use to invoke it and the results.   These  diagnos-
              tics  are shown if $kpsewhich_show is non-zero or if diagnostics
              mode is on.  (But in the second case, lots of other  diagnostics



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              are  also  shown.)   Without  these diagnostics there is nothing
              visible in latexmk's screen output about  invocations  of  kpse-
              which.


       $landscape_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run in landscape mode, using the landscape mode pre-
              viewers  and dvi to postscript converters.  Equivalent to the -l
              option.  Normally not needed with current previewers.


       $latex ["latex %O %S"]
              Specifies the command line for  the  LaTeX  processing  program.
              Note  that as with other programs, you can use this variable not
              just to change the name of the program used,  but  also  specify
              options to the program.  E.g.,

                                  $latex = "latex --src-specials %O %S";

              To  do  a  coordinated setting of all of $dvilualatex, $hilatex,
              $latex, $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex, see the section "Ad-
              vanced Configuration".


       %latex_input_extensions
              This variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when  it
              finds  that a LaTeX run resulted in an error that a file has not
              been found, and the file is given without  an  extension.   This
              typically  happens  when LaTeX commands of the form \input{file}
              or \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant source file  does
              not exist.

              In  this  situation, latexmk searches for custom dependencies to
              make the missing file(s), but restricts  it  to  the  extensions
              specified  by the variable %latex_input_extensions.  The default
              extensions are 'tex' and 'eps'.

              (For Perl experts: %latex_input_extensions is a hash whose  keys
              are  the  extensions.   The values are irrelevant.)  Two subrou-
              tines are provided for manipulating this and the  related  vari-
              able  %pdflatex_input_extensions,  add_input_ext  and remove_in-
              put_ext.  They are used as in the following examples are  possi-
              ble lines in an initialization file:

                  remove_input_ext( 'latex', 'tex' );

              removes the extension 'tex' from latex_input_extensions

                  add_input_ext( 'latex', 'asdf' );

              add  the  extension 'asdf to latex_input_extensions.  (Naturally
              with such an extension, you should have made an appropriate cus-
              tom dependency for latexmk, and should also have done the appro-
              priate programming in the LaTeX source file to enable  the  file



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              to  be  read.   The standard extensions are handled by LaTeX and
              its graphics/graphicx packages.)

       $latex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es) for the LaTeX processing program when silent mode  is
              on.

              If  you  use MikTeX, you may prefer the results if you configure
              the options to include -c-style-errors, e.g., by  the  following
              line in an initialization file

                $latex_silent_switch  =  "-interaction=batchmode  -c-style-er-
              rors";


       $lpr ["lpr %O %S" under UNIX/Linux, "NONE lpr" under MS-Windows]
              The command to print postscript files.

              Under MS-Windows (unlike UNIX/Linux), there is no standard  pro-
              gram for printing files.  But there are ways you can do it.  For
              example, if you have gsview installed, you could use it with the
              option "/p":

                  $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';

              If  gsview  is installed in a different directory, you will need
              to make the appropriate change.  Note the combination of  single
              and  double  quotes  around the name.  The single quotes specify
              that this is a string to be assigned to the configuration  vari-
              able  $lpr.   The double quotes are part of the string passed to
              the operating system to get the command obeyed; this  is  neces-
              sary because one part of the command name ("Program Files") con-
              tains a space which would otherwise be misinterpreted.

       $lpr_dvi ["NONE lpr_dvi"]
              The printing program to print dvi files.

       $lpr_pdf ["NONE lpr_pdf"]
              The printing program to print pdf files.

              Under  MS-Windows you could set this to use gsview, if it is in-
              stalled, e.g.,

                  $lpr = '"c:/Program Files/Ghostgum/gsview/gsview32.exe" /p';

              If gsview is installed in a different directory, you  will  need
              to  make  the appropriate change.  Note the double quotes around
              the name: this is necessary because one part of the command name
              ("Program Files") contains a space which would otherwise be mis-
              interpreted.

       $lualatex ["lualatex %O %S"]
              Specifies the command line for the LaTeX processing program that
              is to be used when the lualatex program is called for (e.g.,  by



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              the option -lualatex.

              To  do  a  coordinated setting of all of $dvilualatex, $hilatex,
              $latex, $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex, see the section "Ad-
              vanced Configuration".


       %lualatex_input_extensions
              This variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when  it
              finds  that  a lualatex run resulted in an error that a file has
              not been found, and the file  is  given  without  an  extension.
              This  typically  happens  when  LaTeX  commands of the form \in-
              put{file} or \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant  source
              file does not exist.

              In  this  situation, latexmk searches for custom dependencies to
              make the missing file(s), but restricts  it  to  the  extensions
              specified  by  the variable %pdflatex_input_extensions.  The de-
              fault extensions are 'tex', 'pdf', 'jpg, and 'png'.

              See details of the %latex_input_extensions for other information
              that equally applies to %lualatex_input_extensions.

       $lualatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es) for the lualatex program (specified in  the  variable
              $lualatex) when silent mode is on.

              See  details  of  the $latex_silent_switch for other information
              that equally applies to $lualatex_silent_switch.

       $make ["make"]
              The make processing program.

       $makeindex ["makeindex %O -o %D %S"]
              The index processing program.

       $makeindex_fudge [0]
              When using makeindex, whether to change  directory  to  $aux_dir
              before  running  makeindex.   Set to 1 if $aux_dir is not an ex-
              plicit subdirectory of current  directory,  otherwise  makeindex
              will refuse to write its output and log files, for security rea-
              sons.

       $makeindex_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es)  for the index processing program when silent mode is
              on.

       $max_repeat [5]
              The maximum number of times latexmk will run *latex  before  de-
              ciding  that  there may be an infinite loop and that it needs to
              bail out, rather than rerunning *latex again to  resolve  cross-
              references, etc.  The default value covers all normal cases.

              (Note  that  the  "etc"  covers  a lot of cases where one run of



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              *latex generates files to be read in on a later run.)

       $MSWin_back_slash [1]
              This configuration variable only has an effect when  latexmk  is
              running  under MS-Windows.  With the default value of 1 for this
              variable, when a command is executed under  MS-Windows,  latexmk
              substitutes  "\"  for the separator character between components
              of a directory name.  Internally, latexmk uses "/" for  the  di-
              rectory  separator  character,  which  is  the character used by
              Unix-like systems.

              For almost all programs and for almost all filenames  under  MS-
              Windows,  both "\" and "/" are acceptable as the directory sepa-
              rator character, provided at least that filenames  are  properly
              quoted.  But it is possible that programs exist that only accept
              "\"  on  the  command line, since that is the standard directory
              separator for MS-Windows.  So for safety latexmk makes the  sub-
              stitution from "/" to "\", by default.

              However  there  are also programs on MS-Windows for which a back
              slash "\" is interpreted differently than as a directory separa-
              tor; for these the directory separator should be "/".   Programs
              with  this  behavior  include  all  the  *latex  programs in the
              TeXLive implementation  (but  not  the  MiKTeX  implementation).
              Hence  if  you use TeXLive on MS-Windows, then $MSWin_back_slash
              should be set to zero.


       $new_viewer_always [0]
              This variable applies  to  latexmk  only  in  continuous-preview
              mode.  If $new_viewer_always is 0, latexmk will check for a pre-
              viously  running  previewer on the same file, and if one is run-
              ning will not start a new one.  If  $new_viewer_always  is  non-
              zero,  this check will be skipped, and latexmk will behave as if
              no viewer is running.


       $out_dir [""]
              If non-blank, this variable specifies the output directory.

              This is the directory in which the main output files are written
              (dvi, ps, pdf, synctex, synctex.gz).  In addition,  if  the  aux
              directory  equals  the  output  directory, as is the case by de-
              fault, then other generated files are in effect written  to  the
              output directory.

              If $out_dir is blank, the output directory is the current direc-
              tory  at the invocation of *latex; this is equivalent to setting
              $out_dir to '.'.

              See the section AUXILIARY AND OUTPUT DIRECTORIES  for  more  de-
              tails.





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       $out2_dir [""]
              (Experimental new feature.)

              If  non-blank,  this  variable specifies the final-output direc-
              tory, i.e., the directory for the final output files.   If  this
              variable  is  blank (its default value), the final-output direc-
              tory is the same as the output directory.

              See the description of the option -out2dir for an explanation of
              the rationale for the idea of separate output  and  final-output
              directories.

              If  the  final-output directory is different from the output di-
              rectory, then after a full round of compilations  of  the  docu-
              ment,  the  relevant set of files is copied here from the output
              directory.  The files copied are  specified  by  the  @out2_exts
              variable, and by default are those with extensions 'hnt', 'pdf',
              'ps',  'synctex',  'synctex.gz',  and a basename the same as for
              the main *latex compilation.


       @out2_exts [( 'hnt', 'pdf', 'ps', 'synctex', 'synctex.gz' )]

              This variable lists the extensions of the files to be copied  to
              the  final-output  directory.  The basename of the files is that
              for the main *latex  compilation  (corresponding  to  the  value
              specified  by  the  placeholder  %R).  More general names may be
              specified in the same way as for the  @generated_exts  variable,
              by inclusion of %R in a pattern, e.g.,

                  push @out2_exts, '%R-2up.pdf';



       $pdf_mode [0]
              If  zero,  do  NOT  generate  a pdf version of the document.  If
              equal to 1, generate a pdf version of the document using  pdfla-
              tex,  using the command specified by the $pdflatex variable.  If
              equal to 2, generate a pdf version of the document from  the  ps
              file,  by  using  the command specified by the $ps2pdf variable.
              If equal to 3, generate a pdf version of the document  from  the
              dvi  file,  by  using the command specified by the $dvipdf vari-
              able.  If equal to 4, generate a pdf version of the document us-
              ing lualatex, using the command specified by the $lualatex vari-
              able.  If equal to 5, generate a pdf version (and  an  xdv  ver-
              sion)  of  the document using xelatex, using the commands speci-
              fied by the $xelatex and xdvipdfmx variables.

              In $pdf_mode=2, it is ensured that .dvi and .ps files  are  also
              made.   In  $pdf_mode=3,  it is ensured that a .dvi file is also
              made.  But this may be overridden by the document.

       $pdflatex ["pdflatex %O %S"]
              Specifies the command line for the LaTeX processing program in a



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              version that makes a pdf file instead of a dvi file.

              An example use of this variable is to add certain options to the
              command line for the program, e.g.,

                   $pdflatex = "pdflatex --shell-escape %O %S";

              (In some earlier versions of latexmk, you needed to use  an  as-
              signment  to  $pdflatex  to allow the use of lualatex or xelatex
              instead of pdflatex.  There are now separate configuration vari-
              ables for the use of lualatex or  xelatex.   See  $lualatex  and
              $xelatex.)

              To  do  a  coordinated setting of all of $dvilualatex, $hilatex,
              $latex, $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex, see the section "Ad-
              vanced Configuration".


       %pdflatex_input_extensions
              This variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when  it
              finds  that  a pdflatex run resulted in an error that a file has
              not been found, and the file  is  given  without  an  extension.
              This  typically  happens  when  LaTeX  commands of the form \in-
              put{file} or \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant  source
              file does not exist.

              In  this  situation, latexmk searches for custom dependencies to
              make the missing file(s), but restricts  it  to  the  extensions
              specified  by  the variable %pdflatex_input_extensions.  The de-
              fault extensions are 'tex', 'pdf', 'jpg, and 'png'.

              See details of the %latex_input_extensions for other information
              that equally applies to %pdflatex_input_extensions.

       $pdflatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es) for the pdflatex program (specified in  the  variable
              $pdflatex) when silent mode is on.

              See  details  of  the $latex_silent_switch for other information
              that equally applies to $pdflatex_silent_switch.

       $pdf_previewer ["start acroread %O %S"]
              The command to invoke a pdf-previewer.

              On MS-Windows, the default is changed to "cmd /c start """;  un-
              der  more  recent versions of Windows, this will cause to be run
              whatever command the system has associated with .pdf files.  But
              this may be undesirable if this association is  to  acroread  --
              see the notes in the explanation of the -pvc option.]

              On  OS-X  the  default is changed to "open %S", which results in
              OS-X starting up (and detaching) the viewer associated with  the
              file.   By  default, for pdf files this association is to OS-X's
              preview, which is quite satisfactory.



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              WARNING:  Problem under MS-Windows: if acroread is used  as  the
              pdf  previewer,  and  it is actually viewing a pdf file, the pdf
              file cannot be updated.  Thus makes acroread  a  bad  choice  of
              previewer  if you use latexmk's previous-continuous mode (option
              -pvc) under MS-windows.  This problem does not occur if, for ex-
              ample, SumatraPDF or gsview is used to view pdf files.

              Important note: Normally you will want to have a  previewer  run
              detached, so that latexmk doesn't wait for the previewer to ter-
              minate  before continuing its work.  So normally you should pre-
              fix the command by "start ", which  flags  to  latexmk  that  it
              should  do  the  detaching  of the previewer itself (by whatever
              method is appropriate to the operating system).   But  sometimes
              letting latexmk do the detaching is not appropriate (for a vari-
              ety  of non-trivial reasons), so you should put the "start " bit
              in yourself, whenever it is needed.

       $pdf_update_command [""]
              When the pdf previewer is set to be updated by  running  a  com-
              mand,  this is the command that is run.  See the information for
              the variable $pdf_update_method.

       $pdf_update_method [1 under UNIX, 3 under MS-Windows]
              How the pdf viewer updates its display when  the  pdf  file  has
              changed.  See the information on the variable $dvi_update_method
              for the codes.  (Note that information needs be changed slightly
              so that for the value 4, to run a command to do the update,  the
              command  is  specified  by the variable $pdf_update_command, and
              for the value 2, to specify update  by  signal,  the  signal  is
              specified by $pdf_update_signal.)

              Note that acroread under MS-Windows (but not UNIX) locks the pdf
              file, so the default value is then 3.

              Arranging to use a command to get a previewer explicitly updated
              requires three variables to be set.  For example:

                  $pdf_previewer = "start xpdf -remote %R %O %S";
                  $pdf_update_method = 4;
                  $pdf_update_command = "xpdf -remote %R -reload";

              The  first  setting  arranges for the xpdf program to be used in
              its "remote server mode", with the server name specified as  the
              rootname  of  the TeX file.  The second setting arranges for up-
              dating to be done in response to a command, and the  third  set-
              ting sets the update command.

       $pdf_update_signal [Under UNIX: SIGHUP, which is a system-dependent
       value]
              The  number of the signal that is sent to the pdf viewer when it
              is updated by sending a signal -- see  the  information  on  the
              variable  $pdf_update_method.   The default value is the one ap-
              propriate for gv on a UNIX system.




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       $pid_position[1 under UNIX, -1 under MS-Windows]
              The variable $pid_position is used  to  specify  which  word  in
              lines  of  the output from $pscmd corresponds to the process ID.
              The first word in the line is numbered 0.  The default value  of
              1 (2nd word in line) is correct for Solaris 2.6, Linux, and OS-X
              with their default settings of $pscmd.

              Setting  the  variable  to -1 is used to indicate that $pscmd is
              not to be used.

       $postscript_mode [0]
              If nonzero, generate  a  postscript  version  of  the  document.
              Equivalent to the -ps option.

              If  some  other  request  is made for which a postscript file is
              needed, then $postscript_mode will be set to 1.

       $pre_tex_code ['']

              Sets TeX code to be executed before inputting the  source  file.
              This  works  if the relevant one of $latex, etc contains a suit-
              able command line with a %P or %U substitution.  For example you
              could do

                   $latex = 'latex %O %P';
                   $pre_tex_code = '\AtBeginDocument{An initial message\par}';

              To set all of $latex, $pdflatex,  $lualatex,  and  $xelatex  you
              could use the subroutine alt_tex_cmds:

                   &alt_tex_cmds;
                   $pre_tex_code = '\AtBeginDocument{An initial message\par}';



       $preview_continuous_mode [0]
              If  nonzero,  run a previewer to view the document, and continue
              running latexmk to keep .dvi up-to-date.  Equivalent to the -pvc
              option.  Which previewer is run depends on the  other  settings,
              see the command line options -view=, and the variable $view.

       $preview_mode [0]
              If nonzero, run a previewer to preview the document.  Equivalent
              to  the -pv option.  Which previewer is run depends on the other
              settings, see the command line options -view=, and the  variable
              $view.

       $printout_mode [0]
              If  nonzero,  print  the document using the command specified in
              the $lpr variable.  Equivalent to the -p option.  This is recom-
              mended not to be set from an RC file, otherwise you could  waste
              lots of paper.





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       $print_type = ["auto"]
              Type  of  file  to  printout:  possibilities  are "auto", "dvi",
              "none", "pdf", or "ps".   See the option -print= for the meaning
              of the "auto" value.

       $pscmd Command used to get all the processes currently run by the user.
              The -pvc option uses  the  command  specified  by  the  variable
              $pscmd  to  determine  if there is an already running previewer,
              and to find the process ID (needed if latexmk  needs  to  signal
              the previewer about file changes).

              Each line of the output of this command is assumed to correspond
              to  one  process.   See  the  $pid_position variable for how the
              process number is determined.

              The default for pscmd is  "NONE"  under  MS-Windows  and  cygwin
              (i.e.,  the  command  is not used), "ps -ww -u $ENV{USER}" under
              OS-X, and "ps -f -u $ENV{USER}" under  other  operating  systems
              (including Linux).  In these specifications "$ENV{USER}" is sub-
              stituted by the username.

       $ps2pdf ["ps2pdf -dALLOWPSTRANSPARENCY %O %S %D"]
              Command to convert .ps to .pdf file.

       $ps_filter [empty]
              The postscript file filter to be run on the newly produced post-
              script  file  before other processing.  Equivalent to specifying
              the -pF option.

       $ps_previewer ["start gv %O %S", but start %O %S under MS-Windows]
              The command to invoke a ps-previewer.  (The  default  under  MS-
              Windows will cause to be run whatever command the system has as-
              sociated with .ps files.)

              Note  that  gv  could be used with the -watch option updates its
              display whenever the postscript file changes, whereas  ghostview
              does  not.  However, different versions of gv have slightly dif-
              ferent ways of writing this  option.   You  can  configure  this
              variable appropriately.

              WARNING: Linux systems may have installed one (or more) versions
              of  gv  under  different  names, e.g., ggv, kghostview, etc, but
              perhaps not one actually called gv.

              Important note: Normally you will want to have a  previewer  run
              detached, so that latexmk doesn't wait for the previewer to ter-
              minate  before continuing its work.  So normally you should pre-
              fix the command by "start ", which  flags  to  latexmk  that  it
              should  do  the  detaching  of the previewer itself (by whatever
              method is appropriate to the operating system).   But  sometimes
              letting latexmk do the detaching is not appropriate (for a vari-
              ety  of non-trivial reasons), so you should put the "start " bit
              in yourself, whenever it is needed.




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       $ps_previewer_landscape ["start gv -swap %O %S", but start %O %S under
       MS-Windows]
              The command to invoke a ps-previewer in landscape mode.

       $ps_update_command [""]
              When the postscript previewer is set to be updated by running  a
              command,  this  is the command that is run.  See the information
              for the variable $ps_update_method.

       $ps_update_method [0 under UNIX, 1 under MS-Windows]
              How the postscript viewer updates its display when the .ps  file
              has  changed.  See  the  information  on  the  variable $dvi_up-
              date_method for the codes.   (Note  that  information  needs  be
              changed slightly so that for the value 4, to run a command to do
              the  update,  the  command  is specified by the variable $ps_up-
              date_command, and for the value 2, to specify update by  signal,
              the signal is specified by $ps_update_signal.)

       $ps_update_signal [Under UNIX: SIGHUP, which is a system-dependent
       value]
              The  number of the signal that is sent to the pdf viewer when it
              is updated by sending a signal --  see  $ps_update_method.   The
              default value is the one appropriate for gv on a UNIX system.

       $pvc_timeout [0]
              If  this  variable  is  nonzero, there will be a  timeout in pvc
              mode after a period of inactivity.  Inactivity  means  a  period
              when  latexmk  has  detected  no  file changes and hence has not
              taken any actions like compiling the document. The period of in-
              activity is in the variable $pvc_timeout_mins.


       $pvc_timeout_mins [30]
              The period of inactivity, in minutes, after which pvc mode times
              out.  This is used if $pvc_timeout is nonzero.

       $pvc_view_file_via_temporary [1]
              The same as $always_view_file_via_temporary, except that it only
              applies in preview-continuous mode (-pvc option).

       $quote_filenames [1]
              This specifies whether substitutions for placeholders in command
              specifications  (as  in  $pdflatex)  are  surrounded  by  double
              quotes.   If this variable is 1 (or any other value Perl regards
              as true), then quoting is done.  Otherwise quoting is omitted.

              The quoting method used by latexmk is tested to  work  correctly
              under  UNIX systems (including Linux and Mac OS-X) and under MS-
              Windows.  It allows the  use  of  filenames  containing  special
              characters,  notably  spaces.   (But  note that many versions of
              *latex cannot correctly deal with TeX files whose names  contain
              spaces.   Latexmk's quoting only ensures that such filenames are
              correctly treated by the operating system in  passing  arguments
              to programs.)



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       $rc_report [1]
              After  initialization,  whether  to  give a list of the RC files
              read.

       $recorder [1]
              Whether to use the -recorder option to *latex.  Use of this  op-
              tion  results  in  a file of extension .fls containing a list of
              the files that these programs have read  and  written.   Latexmk
              will then use this file to improve its detection of source files
              and generated files after a run of *latex.

              It  is generally recommended to use this option (or to configure
              the $recorder variable to be on.)  But it only works  if  *latex
              supports  the  -recorder  option, which is true for most current
              implementations

              Note about the name of the .fls file:  Most  implementations  of
              *latex  produce  an .fls file with the same basename as the main
              document's LaTeX, e.g., for Document.tex, the .fls file is Docu-
              ment.fls.  However, some implementations instead  produce  files
              named for the program, i.e., latex.fls or pdflatex.fls.  In this
              second  case,  latexmk copies the latex.fls or pdflatex.fls to a
              file with the basename of the main LaTeX document,  e.g.,  Docu-
              ment.fls.

       $search_path_separator [See below for default]
              The character separating paths in the environment variables TEX-
              INPUTS,  BIBINPUTS, and BSTINPUTS.  This variable is mainly used
              by latexmk when the -outdir, -output-directory, -auxdir,  and/or
              -aux-directory  options are used.  In that case latexmk needs to
              communicate  appropriately  modified  search  paths  to  bibtex,
              dvipdf, dvips, and *latex.

              [Comment  to  technically savvy readers: *latex doesn't actually
              need the modified search path.  But,  surprisingly,  dvipdf  and
              dvips  do, because sometimes graphics files get generated in the
              output or aux directories.]

              The default under MSWin and Cygwin is ';'  and  under  UNIX-like
              operating  systems  (including Linux and OS-X) is ':'.  Normally
              the defaults give correct behavior.  But there can be  difficul-
              ties  if  your operating system is of one kind, but some of your
              software is running under an emulator for the other kind of  op-
              erating  system;  in  that  case you'll need to find out what is
              needed, and set $search_path_separator  explicitly.   (The  same
              goes,  of  course, for unusual operating systems that are not in
              the MSWin, Linux, OS-X, Unix collection.)

       $show_time [0]
              Whether to show time used, both the  total  and  for  individual
              steps.

              Note: On MS Windows, this is clock time.  On other OSs it is the
              CPU  time  used (by latexmk and the child processes it invokes).



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              The OS-dependence is because of a limitation of Windows.  If you
              wish to force the use of clock instead of CPU time, you can set

                  $times_are_clock = 1;



       $silence_logfile_warnings [0]
              Whether after a run of *latex to summarize warnings in  the  log
              file  about  undefined  citations  and references.  Setting $si-
              lence_logfile_warnings=0 gives the summary of warnings (provided
              silent mode isn't also set), and this is useful to locate  unde-
              fined  citations  and  references  without searching through the
              much more verbose log file or the screen output of *latex.   But
              the  summary  can  also be excessively annoying.  The default is
              not to give these  warnings.   The  command  line  options  -si-
              lence_logfile_warning_list   and  -silence_logfile_warning_list-
              also set this variable.

              Note that multiple occurrences for the same undefined object  on
              the same page and same line will be compressed to a single warn-
              ing.


       $silent [0]
              Whether  to run silently.  Setting $silent to 1 has the same ef-
              fect as the -quiet of -silent options on the command line.


       $sleep_time [2]
              The time to sleep (in seconds) between checking for  source-file
              changes  when  running with the -pvc option.  If non-zero, it is
              subject to a minimum value give by the $min_sleep_time variable.
              But a zero value is also allowed.

              A value of exactly 0 gives no delay between checks  for  source-
              file  changes; it typically results in 100% CPU usage, which may
              not be desirable.

              In old versions of latexmk, the default value of $sleep_time  of
              2 waB-pvc modeiandatheaamounteofoCPUousage.etOnemodernocomputers
              in
              with fast multi-core CPUs, a smaller value, e.g., 0.1  can  give
              good results, especially when working with small documents whose
              compilation may take well under a second.


       $texfile_search [""]
              This  is  an  obsolete  variable, replaced by the @default_files
              variable.

              For  backward  compatibility,  if  you  choose  to   set   $tex-
              file_search,  it  is  a string of space-separated filenames, and
              then latexmk  replaces  @default_files  with  the  filenames  in



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              $texfile_search to which is added "*.tex".

       $success_cmd [undefined]
              See the documentation for $compiling_cmd.

       $tmpdir [See below for default]
              Directory  to  store  temporary  files that latexmk may generate
              while running.

              The default under MSWindows (including cygwin), is to  set  $tm-
              pdir  to the value of the first of whichever of the system envi-
              ronment variables TMPDIR or TEMP exists, otherwise to  the  cur-
              rent  directory.   Under other operating systems (expected to be
              UNIX/Linux, including OS-X), the default is  the  value  of  the
              system  environment  variable  TMPDIR  if  it  exists, otherwise
              "/tmp".

       $use_make_for_missing_files [0]
              Whether to use make to try and make files that are missing after
              a run of *latex, and for which a custom dependency has not  been
              found.   This  is  generally useful only when latexmk is used as
              part of a bigger project which is built by using the  make  pro-
              gram.

              Note that once a missing file has been made, no further calls to
              make  will  be made on a subsequent run of latexmk to update the
              file.  Handling this problem is the job of  a  suitably  defined
              Makefile.   See the section "USING latexmk WITH make" for how to
              do this.  The intent of calling make from latexmk is  merely  to
              detect dependencies.

       $view ["default"]
              Which  kind  of  file is to be previewed if a previewer is used.
              The possible values are  "default",  "dvi",  "ps",  "pdf".   The
              value of "default" means that the "highest" of the kinds of file
              generated is to be used (among .dvi, .ps and .pdf).


       $warnings_as_errors [0]
              Normally  latexmk copies the behavior of latex in treating unde-
              fined references and citations and multiply  defined  references
              as  conditions  that give a warning but not an error.  The vari-
              able $warnings_as_errors controls whether this behavior is modi-
              fied.

              When the variable is non-zero, latexmk at the  end  of  its  run
              will  return  a  non-zero status code to the operating system if
              any of the files processed gives a warning about  problems  with
              citations or references (i.e., undefined citations or references
              or multiply defined references).  This is after latexmk has com-
              pleted  all  the runs it needs to try and resolve references and
              citations.  Thus $warnings_as_errors being  nonzero  causes  la-
              texmk to treat such warnings as errors, but only when they occur
              on the last run of *latex and only after processing is complete.



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              A  non-zero value $warnings_as_errors can be set by the command-
              line option -Werror.

              The default behavior is normally satisfactory in the usual edit-
              compile-edit cycle.  But, for example, latexmk can also be  used
              as  part  of  a build process for some bigger project, e.g., for
              creating documentation in the build of a  software  application.
              Then  it is often sensible to treat citation and reference warn-
              ings as errors that require the  overall  build  process  to  be
              aborted.  Of course, since multiple runs of *latex are generally
              needed  to resolve references and citations, what matters is not
              the warnings on the first run, but the warnings on the last run;
              latexmk takes this into account appropriately.

              In addition, when preview-continuous mode is  used,  a  non-zero
              value  for  $warnings_as_errors  changes the use of the commands
              $failure_cmd, $warning_cmd, and $success_cmd  after  a  complia-
              tion.  If there are citation or reference warnings, but no other
              errors,  the  behavior is as follows. If $warning_cmd is set, it
              is used.  If it is not set, then then if $warnings_as_errors  is
              non-zero  and $failure_cmd is set, then $failure_cmd.  Otherwise
              $success_cmd is used, if it is set.  (The foregoing  explanation
              is rather complicated, because latexmk has to deal with the case
              that one or more of the commands isn't set.)


       $xdv_mode [0]
              If  one, generate an xdv version of the document by use of xela-
              tex.


       $xdvipdfmx ["xdvipdfmx -E -o %D %O %S"]

              The program to make a pdf file from an xdv file  (used  in  con-
              junction with xelatex when $pdf_mode=5).

       $xdvipdfmx_silent_switch ["-q"]
              Switch(es) for the xdvipdfmx program when silent mode is on.

       $xelatex ["xelatex %O %S"]
              Specifies  the  command line for the LaTeX processing program of
              when the xelatex program is called for.  See  the  documentation
              of  the -xelatex option for some special properties of latexmk's
              use of xelatex.

              Note about xelatex: latexmk uses xelatex to make an .xdv  rather
              than  .pdf  file, with the .pdf file being created in a separate
              step.  This is enforced by the use of the -no-pdf option.  If %O
              is part of the command for invoking xelatex, then  latexmk  will
              insert the -no-pdf option automatically, otherwise you must pro-
              vide  the option yourself.  See the documentation for the -pdfxe
              option for why latexmk makes a .xdv file rather than a .pdf file
              when xelatex is used.




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              To do a coordinated setting of all  of  $dvilualatex,  $hilatex,
              $latex, $pdflatex, $lualatex, and $xelatex, see the section "Ad-
              vanced Configuration".


       %xelatex_input_extensions
              This  variable specifies the extensions tried by latexmk when it
              finds that an xelatex run resulted in an error that a  file  has
              not  been  found,  and  the  file is given without an extension.
              This typically happens when LaTeX  commands  of  the  form  \in-
              put{file}  or \includegraphics{figure}, when the relevant source
              file does not exist.

              In this situation, latexmk searches for custom  dependencies  to
              make  the  missing  file(s),  but restricts it to the extensions
              specified by the variable  %xelatex_input_extensions.   The  de-
              fault extensions are 'tex', 'pdf', 'jpg, and 'png'.

              See details of the %latex_input_extensions for other information
              that equally applies to %xelatex_input_extensions.

       $xelatex_silent_switch ["-interaction=batchmode"]
              Switch(es)  for  the  xelatex program (specified in the variable
              $xelatex) when silent mode is on.

              See details of the $latex_silent_switch  for  other  information
              that equally applies to $xelatex_silent_switch.




CUSTOM DEPENDENCIES
       In  any RC file a set of custom dependencies can be set up to convert a
       file with one extension to a file with another.  An example use of this
       would be to allow latexmk to convert a .fig file to .eps to be included
       in the .tex file.


   Defining a custom dependency:
       The old method of configuring latexmk to use a custom dependency was to
       directly manipulate the @cus_dep_list array that  contains  information
       defining  the  custom  dependencies.   (See  the section "Old Method of
       Defining Custom Dependencies" for details.) This  method  still  works,
       but is no longer preferred.

       A better method is to use the subroutines that allow convenient manipu-
       lations of the custom dependency list.  These are

           add_cus_dep( fromextension, toextension, must, subroutine )
           remove_cus_dep( fromextension, toextension )
           show_cus_dep()

       The arguments are as follows:




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       from extension:
              The  extension  of the file we are converting from (e.g. "fig").
              It is specified without a period.

       to extension:
              The extension of the file we are converting to (e.g. "eps").  It
              is specified without a period.

       must:  If non-zero, the file from which we are converting  must  exist,
              if  it doesn't exist latexmk will give an error message and exit
              unless the -f option is specified.  If must is zero and the file
              we are converting from doesn't exist, then no action  is  taken.
              Generally, the appropriate value of must is zero.

       function:
              The  name  of the subroutine that latexmk should call to perform
              the file conversion.  The first argument to  the  subroutine  is
              the base name of the file to be converted without any extension.
              The  subroutines  are declared in the syntax of Perl.  The func-
              tion should return 0 if it was successful and a  nonzero  number
              if it failed.


       Naturally  add_cus_dep adds a custom dependency with the specified from
       and to extensions.  If a custom dependency has been previously  defined
       (e.g.,  in an rcfile that was read earlier), then it is replaced by the
       new one.

       The subroutine remove_cus_dep removes the specified custom  dependency.
       The subroutine show_cus_dep causes a list of the currently defined cus-
       tom dependencies to be sent to the screen output.


   How custom dependencies are used:
       An instance of a custom dependency rule is created whenever latexmk de-
       tects  that a run of *latex needs to read a file, like a graphics file,
       whose extension is the to-extension of a custom dependency.   Then  la-
       texmk  examines  whether a file exists with the same name, but with the
       corresponding from-extension, as specified  in  the  custom-dependency.
       If  it  does, then a corresponding instance of the custom dependency is
       created, after which the rule is invoked whenever the destination  file
       (the one with the to-extension) is out-of-date with respect to the cor-
       responding source file.

       To  make the new destination file, the Perl subroutine specified in the
       rule is invoked, with an argument that is the base name of the files in
       question.  Simple cases just involve a subroutine invoking an  external
       program;  this  can  be  done by following the templates below, even by
       those without knowledge of the Perl programming language.   Of  course,
       experts could do something much more elaborate.

       One  item  in the specification of each custom-dependency rule, labeled
       "must" above, specifies how the rule should be applied when the  source
       file fails to exist.



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       When  latex reports that an input file (e.g., a graphics file) does not
       exist, latexmk tries to find a source file and a custom dependency that
       can be used to make it.  If it succeeds, then it creates an instance of
       the custom dependency and invokes it to make the  missing  file,  after
       which the next pass of latex etc will be able to read the newly created
       file.

       Note  for  advanced  usage: The operating system's environment variable
       TEXINPUTS can be used to specify a search path for finding files by la-
       tex etc.  Correspondingly, when a missing  file  is  reported,  latexmk
       looks  in the directories specified in TEXINPUTS as well as in the cur-
       rent directory, to find a source file from which an instance of a  cus-
       tom dependency can be used to make the missing file.


   Function to implement custom dependency, traditional method:
       The  function  that implements a custom dependency gets the information
       on the files to be processed in two ways.  The first is through its one
       argument; the argument contains the base name of the source and  desti-
       nation files.  The second way is described later.

       A  simple and typical example of code in an initialization rcfile using
       the first method is:

           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps', 0, 'fig2eps' );
           sub fig2eps {
               system( "fig2dev -Leps \"$_[0].fig\" \"$_[0].eps\"" );
           }

       The first line adds a custom dependency that converts a file  with  ex-
       tension "fig", as created by the xfig program, to an encapsulated post-
       script  file,  with extension "eps".  The remaining lines define a sub-
       routine that carries out the conversion.   If  a  rule  for  converting
       "fig"  to  "eps"  files already exists (e.g., from a previously read-in
       initialization file), the latexmk will delete this rule  before  making
       the new one.

       Suppose  latexmk  is  using this rule to convert a file "figure.fig" to
       "figure.eps".  Then it will invoke the fig2eps  subroutine  defined  in
       the  above  code with a single argument "figure", which is the basename
       of each of the files (possibly with a path component).   This  argument
       is  referred to by Perl as $_[0].  In the example above, the subroutine
       uses the Perl command system to invoke the program fig2dev.  The double
       quotes around the string are a Perl idiom that signify that each string
       of the form of a variable name, $_[0] in this case, is  to  be  substi-
       tuted by its value.

       If  the  return  value of the subroutine is non-zero, then latexmk will
       assume an error occurred during the execution of  the  subroutine.   In
       the  above  example, no explicit return value is given, and instead the
       return value is the value returned by the last  (and  only)  statement,
       i.e., the invocation of system, which returns the value 0 on success.

       If  you  use  pdflatex,  lualatex or xelatex instead of latex, then you



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       will probably prefer to convert your graphics files to pdf  format,  in
       which  case  you would replace the above code in an initialization file
       by

           add_cus_dep( 'fig', 'pdf, 0, 'fig2pdf' );
           sub fig2pdf {
               system( "fig2dev -Lpdf \"$_[0].fig\" \"$_[0].pdf\"" );
           }

       Note 1: In the command lines given in the system commands in the  above
       examples,  double  quotes have been inserted around the file names (im-
       plemented by '\"' in the Perl language).  They immunize the running  of
       the  program against special characters in filenames.  Very often these
       quotes are not necessary, i.e., they can be omitted.  But  it  is  nor-
       mally  safer  to  keep them in.  Even though the rules for quoting vary
       between operating systems, command  shells  and  individual  pieces  of
       software, the quotes in the above examples do not cause problems in the
       cases I have tested.

       Note  2:  One  case in which the quotes are important is when the files
       are in a subdirectory and your operating system is  Microsoft  Windows.
       Then  the  separator character for directory components can be either a
       forward slash '/' or Microsoft's more usual backward slash  '\'.   For-
       ward  slashes  are  generated  by  latexmk, to maintain its sanity from
       software like MiKTeX that mixes both directory  separators;  but  their
       correct use normally requires quoted filenames.  (See a log file from a
       run  of  MiKTeX  (at least in v. 2.9) for an example of the use of both
       directory separators.)

       Note 3: The subroutines implementing custom dependencies in  the  exam-
       ples  given  just  have  a  single  line  invoking an external program.
       That's the usual situation.  But since the subroutines are in the  Perl
       language,  you  can  implement  much more complicated processing if you
       need it.


   Removing custom dependencies, and when you might need to do this:
       If you have some general custom dependencies defined in the  system  or
       user  initialization  file,  you may find that for a particular project
       they are undesirable.  So you might want to delete the  unneeded  ones.
       A  situation  where this would be desirable is where there are multiple
       custom dependencies with the same from-extension or the same  to-exten-
       sion.  In  that case, latexmk might choose a different one from the one
       you want for a specific project.  As an example, to remove any "fig" to
       "eps" rule you would use:

           remove_cus_dep( 'fig', 'eps' );

       If you have complicated sets of custom dependencies, you  may  want  to
       get  a  listing  of the custom dependencies.  This is done by using the
       line

           show_cus_dep();




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       in an initialization file.


   Function implementing custom dependency, alternative methods:
       So far the examples for functions to implement custom dependencies have
       used the argument of the function to specify the base name of converted
       file.  This method has been available since very old  versions  of  la-
       texmk, and many examples can be found, e.g., on the web.

       However  in later versions of latexmk the internal structure of the im-
       plementation of its "rules" for the steps of processing, including cus-
       tom dependencies, became much more powerful.  The function implementing
       a custom dependency is executed within a special context where a number
       of extra variables and subroutines are  defined.   Publicly  documented
       ones,  intended  to  be  long-term  stable, are listed below, under the
       heading "Variables and subroutines for processing a rule".

       Examples of their use is given in the  following  examples,  concerning
       multiple index files and glossaries.

       The  only  index-file  conversion built-in to latexmk is from an ".idx"
       file written on one run of *latex to an ".ind" file to be read in on  a
       subsequent  run.   But with the index.sty package, for example, you can
       create extra indexes with extensions that you configure.  Latexmk  does
       not know how to deduce the extensions from the information it has.  But
       you  can  easily  write a custom dependency.  For example if your latex
       file uses the command "\newindex{special}{ndx}{nnd}{Special index}" you
       will need to get latexmk to convert files with the  extension  .ndx  to
       .nnd.   The  most elementary method is to define a custom dependency as
       follows:

           add_cus_dep( 'ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'ndx2nnd' );
           sub ndx2nnd {
               return system( "makeindex -o \"$_[0].nnd\" \"$_[0].ndx\"" );
           }
           push @generated_exts, 'ndx', 'nnd';

       Notice the added line compared with earlier examples.  The  extra  line
       gets the extensions "ndx" and "nnd" added to the list of extensions for
       generated files; then the extra index files will be deleted by clean-up
       operations

       But  if  you have yet more indexes with yet different extensions, e.g.,
       "adx" and "and", then you will need a separate function for  each  pair
       of  extensions.   This  is  quite  annoying.  You can use the Run_subst
       function to simplify the definitions to use a single function:

           add_cus_dep( 'ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'dx2nd' );
           add_cus_dep( 'adx', 'and', 0, 'dx2nd' );
           sub dx2nd {
               return Run_subst( "makeindex -o %D %S" );
           }
           push @generated_exts, 'ndx', 'nnd', 'adx', 'and';




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       You could also instead use

           add_cus_dep( 'ndx', 'nnd', 0, 'dx2nd' );
           add_cus_dep( 'adx', 'and', 0, 'dx2nd' );
           sub dx2nd {
               return Run_subst( $makeindex );
           }
           push @generated_exts, 'ndx', 'nnd', 'adx', 'and';

       This last example uses the command specification in $makeindex, and  so
       any  customization you have made for the standard index also applies to
       your extra indexes.

       Similar techniques can be applied for glossaries.

       Those of you with experience with Makefiles, may get concerned that the
       .ndx file is written during a run of *latex and is  always  later  than
       the .nnd last read in.  Thus the .nnd appears to be perpetually out-of-
       date.   This  situation, of circular dependencies, is endemic to latex,
       and is one of the issues that latexmk is programmed  to  overcome.   It
       examines  the  contents  of  the files (by use of a checksum), and only
       does a remake when the file contents have actually changed.

       Of course if you choose to write random data to the .nnd (or  the  .aux
       file,  etc) that changes on each new run, then you will have a problem.
       For real experts: See the %hash_calc_ignore_pattern if you have to deal
       with such problems.


   Old Method of Defining Custom Dependencies:
       In much older versions of latexmk, the only method of  defining  custom
       dependencies  was  to directly manipulate the table of custom dependen-
       cies.  This is contained in the @cus_dep_list array.  It is an array of
       strings, and each string in the array has four items in it, each  sepa-
       rated  by  a  space,  the  from-extension, the to-extension, the "must"
       item, and the name of the subroutine for the custom dependency.   These
       were all defined above.

       An example of the old method of defining custom dependencies is as fol-
       lows.  It  is  the code in an RC file to ensure automatic conversion of
       .fig files to .eps files:

           push @cus_dep_list, "fig eps 0 fig2eps";
           sub fig2eps {
               return system( "fig2dev -Lps \"$_[0].fig\" \"$_[0].eps\"" );
           }

       This method still works, and is almost equivalent  to  the  code  given
       earlier  that used the add_cus_dep subroutine.  However, the old method
       doesn't delete any previous custom-dependency for the same  conversion.
       So the new method is preferable.






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ADVANCED CONFIGURATION: SOME EXTRA RESOURCES AND ADVANCED TRICKS
       For  most purposes, simple configuration for latexmk along the lines of
       the examples given is sufficient.  But  sometimes  you  need  something
       harder.   In this section, I indicate some extra possibilities.  Gener-
       ally to use these, you need to be fluent in the  Perl  language,  since
       this is what is used in the rc files.

       In  this  section,  I include first, a description of a number of vari-
       ables and subroutines that provide, among other things, access  to  la-
       texmk's internal data structures for handling dependencies.  Then I de-
       scribe  the hook mechanism whereby at certain points in the processing,
       latexmk can call user-defined subroutines.

       See also the section DEALING WITH ERRORS, PROBLEMS, ETC.  See also  the
       examples in the directory example_rcfiles in the latexmk distributions.
       Even if none of the examples apply to your case, they may give you use-
       ful ideas




   Variables and subroutines for processing a rule
       A step in the processing is called a rule. One possibility to implement
       the  processing  of a rule is by a Perl subroutine.  This is always the
       case for custom dependencies. Also, for any other rule, you can  use  a
       subroutine  by  prefixing the command specification by the word "inter-
       nal" -- see the section FORMAT OF COMMAND SPECIFICATIONS.

       When you use a subroutine for processing a rule, all the  possibilities
       of Perl programming are available, of course.  In addition, some of la-
       texmk's  internal  variables  and  subroutines are available.  The ones
       listed below are intended to be  available  to  (advanced)  users,  and
       their specifications will generally have stability under upgrades. Gen-
       erally,  the  variables  should be treated as read-only: Changing their
       values can have bad consequences, since it is liable  to  mess  up  the
       consistency of what latexmk is doing.

       $rule  This  variable  has  the  name of the rule, as known to latexmk.
              Note that the exact contents of this variable for a  given  rule
              may be dependent on the version of latexmk

       $$Pbase
              This  gives the basename for the rule.  Generally, it determines
              the names of generated files.  E.g., for a run  of  *latex,  the
              name of the .log file is the aux directory concatenated with the
              basename and then `.log'.

              For  a  *latex  rule, the basename is without a directory compo-
              nent.  For other rules, it includes the directory component  (if
              any is used).

              This (annoying) difference is associated with the different ways
              in  which  the commands invoked by latexmk work when the command
              line includes a name for a source file that includes a directory



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              component.  For the *latex commands, the directory of the source
              file is irrelevant to  the  directory  component  the  generated
              files, which instead is determined by the values in the -aux-di-
              rectory and/or -output-directory options.

              In contrast, many other programs (e.g., biber, bibtex) put their
              generated files in the same directory as the source file, merely
              with a changed extension.

              Note the double dollar signs: In Perl terms, the variable $Pbase
              is  a  reference  to a variable that contains the basename.  The
              second dollar sign derefences the reference to give  the  actual
              value.   (A  reference is is used rather like a pointer, and the
              `P' (for `pointer') at the start of the variable name is a  con-
              vention  used in latexmk to indicate that the variable is a ref-
              erence variable.)


       $$Pdest
              This gives the name of the main output file if  any.   Note  the
              double dollar signs.


       $$Psource
              This gives the name of the primary source file.  Note the double
              dollar signs.


       add_hook( <stack_name>, <subroutine> )
              See the section `Hooks' for more details.

              This adds the subroutine specified in the second argument to la-
              texmk's  stack of hooks specified by the stack name.  It returns
              1 on sucess, and zero otherwise (e.g.,  if  the  specified  hook
              stack doesn't exist).

              The  subroutine  can  be specified by a reference to the subrou-
              tine, as in

                  add_hook( 'after_xlatex_analysis', mmz_analyze )

              Given that the subroutine mmz_analyze has been defined in the rc
              file.

              The subroutine can be specified by a string whose value  is  the
              name of the subroutine, e.g.,

                  add_hook( 'after_xlatex_analysis', 'mmz_analyze' )

              In  simple  cases, the subroutine can be an anonymous subroutine
              defined in the call to add_hooks,

                  add_hook( 'after_main_pdf', sub{ print




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              Observe that on success, the subroutine should return 0 (like  a
              call  to  Perl's  system subroutine), so normally this should be
              coded explicitly.  If  a  hook  subroutine  returns  a  non-zero
              value, latexmk treats that as an error condition.



       ensure_path( var, values ...)

              The  first parameter is the name of one of the system's environ-
              ment variables for search paths.  The remaining  parameters  are
              values  that  should  be in the variable.  For each of the value
              parameters, if it isn't already in  the  variable,  then  it  is
              prepended to the variable; in that case the environment variable
              is  created  if it doesn't already exist. For separating values,
              the character appropriate the the operating system  is  used  --
              see the configuration variable $search_path_separator.

              Example:

                ensure_path( 'TEXINPUTS', './custom_cls_sty_files//' );

              (In this example, the trailing '//' is documented by TeX systems
              to  mean that *latex search for files in the specified directory
              and in all subdirectories.)

              Technically  ensure_path  works  by  setting   Perl's   variable
              $ENV{var},  where  var  is the name of the target variable.  The
              changed value is then passed as an environment variable  to  any
              invoked programs.


       pushd( path ), popd()
              These  subroutines  are  used  when  it is needed to temporarily
              change the working directory, as in

                   pushd( 'some_directory' );
                   ... Processing done with 'some_directory'  as  the  working
              directory
                   popd()

              They  perform  exactly  the same function as the commands of the
              same names in operating system command shells like bash on Unix,
              and cmd.exe on the Windows.


       rdb_add_generated( file, ... )
              This subroutine is to be used in the context of a rule, that is,
              from within a subroutine that is carrying out  processing  of  a
              rule.  Such is the case for the subroutine implementing a custom
              dependency,  or  the  subroutine invoked by using the "internal"
              keyword in the command specification like that in  the  variable
              $latex.




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              Its  arguments  are  a sequence of filenames which are generated
              during the running of the rule.  The names might arise  from  an
              analysis of the results of the run, e.g., in a log file, or from
              knowledge   of   properties   of  the  specific  rule.   Calling
              rdb_add_generated with these filenames ensures that these  files
              are  flagged as generated by the rule in latexmk's internal data
              structures.  Basically, no action is taken if the files have al-
              ready been flagged as generated.

              A main purpose of using this subroutine  is  for  the  situation
              when  a generated file is also the source file for some rule, so
              that latexmk can correctly link the  dependency  information  in
              its network of rules.

              Note: Unlike some other subroutines in this section, there is no
              argument  for a rule for rdb_add_generated. Instead, the subrou-
              tine is to be invoked during the processing of a rule  when  la-
              texmk has set up an appropriate context (i.e., appropriate vari-
              ables).   In  contrast,  subroutines with a rule argument can be
              used also outside a rule context.


       rdb_ensure_file( $rule, file )
              This subroutine ensures that the given file is among the  source
              files for the specified rule.  It is typically used when, during
              the  processing  of  a rule, it is known that a particular extra
              file is among the dependencies that latexmk should know, but its
              default methods don't find the  dependency.  Almost  always  the
              first   argument  is  the  name  of  the  rule  currently  being
              processed, so it is then appropriate to specify it by $rule.

              For examples of its use, see some of the files in the  directory
              example_rcfiles  of latexmk's distribution.  Currently the cases
              that use this  subroutine  are  bib2gls-latexmkrc,  exceltex_la-
              texmkrc  and  texinfo-latexmkrc.  These illustrate typical cases
              where latexmk's normal processing fails to detect certain  extra
              source files.

              Note that rdb_ensure_file only has one filename argument, unlike
              other subroutines in this section.  If you want to apply its ac-
              tion  to  multiple  files,  you  will  need  one call to rdb_en-
              sure_file for each file.


       rdb_ensure_files_here( file, ... )
              Like subroutine rdb_ensure_files, except that (a) it assumes the
              context is of a rule, and the files  are  to  be  added  to  the
              source list for that rule; (b) multiple files are allowed.


       rdb_remove_files( $rule, file, ... )
              This  subroutine  removes  one or more files from the dependency
              list for the given rule.




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       rdb_remove_generated( file, ... )
              This subroutine is to be used in the context of a rule, that is,
              from within a subroutine that is carrying out  processing  of  a
              rule.   It  performs  the  opposite action to rdb_add_generated.
              Its effect is to ensure that the given filenames are not  listed
              in  latexmk's internal data structures as being generated by the
              rule.


       rdb_list_source( $rule )
              This subroutine returns the list of source files (i.e., the  de-
              pendency list) for the given rule.


       rdb_set_source( $rule, file, ... )


       rdb_set_source( $rule, @files )
              This  subroutine  sets the dependency list for the given rule to
              be the specified files.  Files that are already in the list have
              unchanged information.  Files that were  not  in  the  list  are
              added to it.  Files in the previous dependency list that are not
              in the newly specified list of files are removed from the depen-
              dency list.


       Run_subst( command_spec )
              This subroutine runs the command specified by command_spec.  The
              specification  is  a  string in the format listed in the section
              "Format of Command Specifications".  An important action of  the
              Run_subst is to make substitutions of placeholders, e.g., %S and
              %D  for  source and destination files; these get substituted be-
              fore the command is run.  In addition, the command after substi-
              tution is printed to the screen unless  latexmk  is  running  in
              silent mode.


       test_gen_file_time ( <file> )
              This  subroutine  is  used in the context of a rule.  It returns
              true or false according to whether or not a file  of  the  given
              name  both  exists  and  was  generated in the latest run of the
              rule.  If the subroutine returns false,  but  the  file  exists,
              then the file is a leftover from a previous run.

              The  test  for  a  file  being  generated  on the current run is
              whether the modification time of the file is at least as  recent
              as  the time that the run of the rule was started.  An allowance
              for the granularity of the values of modification time  on  file
              systems  is  made.   See  the description of the variable $file-
              time_causality_threshold for details.

              In addition, latexmk makes allowance  for  the  possiblity  that
              files  are  hosted on a different computer than that running la-
              texmk and that the system clock times on the two  computers  are



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              mismatched.   Latexmk  automatically  detects  (and reports) any
              significant mismatch and corrects for it.



   Coordinated Setting of Commands for *latex
       To set all of $dvilualatex, $hilatex, $latex, $pdflatex, $lualatex, and
       $xelatex to a common pattern, you can use one of the following  subrou-
       tines, std_tex_cmds, alt_tex_cmds, and set_tex_cmds.

       To get the standard commands, use

          &std_tex_cmds;

       This results in $latex = 'latex %O %S', and similarly for $dvilualatex,
       $hilatex,  $pdflatex,  $lualatex,  and $xelatex.  Note the ampersand in
       the invocation; this indicates to  Perl  that  a  subroutine  is  being
       called.   (The  use of this subroutine enables you to override previous
       redefinitions of the $latex, etc variables, which might  have  occurred
       in an earlier-read rc file.)

       To  be  able to use the string provided by the -pretex option (if any),
       you can use

          &alt_tex_cmds;

       This results in $latex = 'latex %O %P', etc.  Again note the  ampersand
       in  the  invocation;  this indicates to Perl that a subroutine is being
       called.

       A more general way of specifying the variables is using

         set_tex_cmds( 'CMD_SPEC' );

       Here CMD_SPEC is the command line without the program  name.  This  re-
       sults  in  $latex = 'latex CMD_SPEC', and similarly for $pdflatex, etc.
       (An ampersand preceding the subroutine  name  is  not  necessary  here,
       since the parentheses show Perl that a subroutine is being invoked.)

       An example that provides the --interaction=batchmode option to the *la-
       tex commands would be

         set_tex_cmds( '--interaction=batchmode %O %S' );

       This  results  in $latex = 'latex --interaction=batchmode %O %S ', etc.
       Note that when '%O' appears after the added option,  as  here,  options
       provided on the command line to latexmk can override the supplied one.

       A more general command line can be set up by using the placeholder '%C'
       in CMD_SPEC.  The '%C' is substituted by the basic name of the command,
       i.e., whichever of 'latex', 'pdflatex', etc is appropriate.  (More than
       one  occurrence  of  '%C' is allowed.)  For example to use the develop-
       ment/pre-release versions of latex, etc, which have names, 'latex-dev',
       'pdflatex-dev', etc, you could use



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         set_tex_cmds( '%C-dev %O %S' );

       This results in $latex = 'latex-dev %O %S', etc.  (The pre-release pro-
       grams latex-dev etc are provided in current  distributions  of  TeXLive
       and MiKTeX.)


   Hooks
       Latexmk  provides  a  way to arrange for user-defined subroutines to be
       called at certain points in the processing.  These can be used to  con-
       figure  appropriate behavior and actions beyond latexmk's normal behav-
       ior.  For a good example of how they can be  used  to  accommodate  la-
       texmk's behavior to particular packages, see the file memoize_latexmkrc
       in the example_rcfiles subdirectory of the latexmk distribution.  (In a
       standard  TeXLive  installation,  that  subdirectory  is to be found in
       texmf-dist/doc/support/latexmk/)

       The hook mechanism is complementary to the method of redefining command
       strings like $pdflatex etc.  The two methods have  overlapping  domains
       of usefulness.

       Note  that  the  hook  mechanism is newly made public in v. 4.84 of la-
       texmk.  It is subject  to  change  and  improvement  as  experience  is
       gained.

       The  hooks  are arranged in named hook stacks, and a hook subroutine is
       added to a given stack by  latexmk's  add_hook  subroutine  (documented
       above).   The  currently available stacks are as follows, listed in the
       approximate order in which they are encountered in processing  a  docu-
       ment:


         before_xlatex
           The subroutines in this hook stack are called just before a
           *latex programs is run.


         after_xlatex
           The  subroutines  in this hook stack are called after a *latex pro-
         grams is
           run.  Before the subroutines are called, latexmk has done some  im-
         mediate
           postprocessing, e.g., to move the generated pdf file from the aux
           directory to the output directory when $emulate_aux is set to 1.


         after_xlatex_analysis
           The  subroutines  in  this  hook stack are called after latexmk has
         done its
           dependency analysis after a *latex programs is run.  Subroutines in
         this
           stack provide a useful way of adding items to the dependency infor-
         mation
           associated with particular packages and that latexmk doesn't



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           automatically deal with.


         after_main_pdf
           The subroutines in this hook stack are  called  after  one  of  the
         rules that
           creates  the document's pdf file. (This covers any of pdflatex, lu-
         alatex,
           dvipdf, ps2pdf, xdvipdfmx.)


         cleanup
           The subroutines in this hook stack are called whenever  latexmk  is
         about
           to  do a cleanup operation.  They can be used, for example, to tai-
         lor the
           deleted files to the pecularities of particular packages  when  la-
         texmk's
           general  mechanisms  for specifying files to be deleted are too in-
         flexible.

           These subroutines are called before latexmk does  any  of  its  own
         file
           deletion;  thus  the hook subroutines have access to all the gener-
         ated
           files that give package-specific information.


         cleanup_extra_full
           The subroutines in this hook stack are called in  addition  to  the
         ones in
           the  cleanup stack, whenever a full cleanup operation is to be done
         (i.e.,
           one that includes the pdf, ps etc files).  They are called  immedi-
         ately
           after those in the cleanup stack, but still before latexmk does any
         of
           its own file deletion.


       (Any  other stacks defined in latexmk.pl but not listed above are to be
       regarded as experimental and subject to change.)

       Each subroutine should return 0 on success  and  a  non-zero  value  on
       failure.   This matches the convention used for running programs, e.g.,
       by Perl's system subroutine, and the matching convention used for  sub-
       routines for custom dependencies in latexmk.

       For  most of the hook stacks, the subroutines are called in the context
       of a rule, with variables  like  $rule  defined.   However,  some  hook
       stacks,  like  the  cleanup ones, are called from outside any rule; and
       latexmk adjusts the relevant variables to refer  to  the  overall  task
       (i.e., of processing a particular main .tex file).




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   Advanced configuration: Using latexmk with make
       This  section  is targeted only at advanced users who use the make pro-
       gram for complex projects, as for software development, with the depen-
       dencies specified by a Makefile.

       Now the basic task of latexmk is to run  the  appropriate  programs  to
       make  a  viewable version of a LaTeX document.  However, the usual make
       program is not suited to this purpose for at least two reasons.   First
       is that the use of LaTeX involves circular dependencies (e.g., via .aux
       files), and these cannot be handled by the standard make program.  Sec-
       ond  is  that  in  a  large document the set of source files can change
       quite frequently, particularly with included graphics  files;  in  this
       situation  keeping a Makefile manually updated is inappropriate and er-
       ror-prone, especially when the dependencies can be determined automati-
       cally.  Latexmk solves both of these problems robustly.

       Thus for many standard LaTeX documents latexmk can be  used  by  itself
       without  the  make program.  In a complex project it simply needs to be
       suitably configured.  A standard configuration would be to define  cus-
       tom  dependencies to make graphics files from their source files (e.g.,
       as created by the xfig program).   Custom  dependencies  are  latexmk's
       equivalent of pattern rules in Makefiles.

       Nevertheless  there  are  projects for which a Makefile is appropriate,
       and it is useful to know how to use latexmk from a Makefile.  A typical
       example would be to generate documentation for a software project.  Po-
       tentially the interaction with the rest of the rules  in  the  Makefile
       could be quite complicated, for example if some of the source files for
       a LaTeX document are generated by the project's software.

       In this section, I give a couple of examples of how latexmk can be use-
       fully  invoked  from a Makefile.  The examples use specific features of
       current versions of GNU make, which is the default on  both  linux  and
       OS-X systems.  They may need modifications for other versions of make.

       The simplest method is simply to delegate all the relevant tasks to la-
       texmk, as is suitable for a straightforward LaTeX document.  For this a
       suitable Makefile is like

           .PHONY : FORCE_MAKE
           all : try.pdf
           %.pdf : %.tex FORCE_MAKE
               latexmk -pdf -dvi- -ps- $<

       (Note:  the  last  line must be introduced by a tab for the Makefile to
       function correctly!)  Naturally, if making try.pdf from its  associated
       LaTeX  file try.tex were the only task to be performed, a direct use of
       latexmk without a Makefile would normally be better.   The  benefit  of
       using  a  Makefile  for  a LaTeX document would be in a larger project,
       where lines such as the above would be only be a small part of a larger
       Makefile.

       The above example has a pattern rule for making a .pdf file from a .tex
       file, and it is defined to use latexmk in the obvious way.  There is  a



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       conventional  default  target  named  "all",  with  a  prerequisite  of
       try.pdf.  So when make is invoked, by default it  makes  try.pdf.   The
       only  complication  is  that  there  may  be  many  source files beyond
       try.tex, but these aren't specified in the Makefile, so changes in them
       will not by themselves cause latexmk to be invoked.  Instead, the  pat-
       tern  rule is equipped with a "phony" prerequisite FORCE_MAKE; this has
       the effect of causing the rule to be always out-of-date,  so  that  la-
       texmk  is always run.  It is latexmk that decides whether any action is
       needed, e.g., a rerun of pdflatex.  Effectively the Makefile  delegates
       all  decisions  to  latexmk, while make has no knowledge of the list of
       source files except for primary LaTeX file for the  document.  If there
       are, for example, graphics files to be made, these must be made by cus-
       tom dependencies configured in latexmk.

       But something better is needed in more complicated situations, for  ex-
       ample, when the making of graphics files needs to be specified by rules
       in  the  Makefile.  To do this, one can use a Makefile like the follow-
       ing:

            TARGETS = document1.pdf document2.pdf
            DEPS_DIR = .deps
            LATEXMK = latexmk -recorder -use-make -deps \
                  -e 'warn qq(In Makefile, turn off custom dependencies\n);' \
                  -e '@cus_dep_list = ();' \
                  -e 'show_cus_dep();'
            all : $(TARGETS)
            $(foreach file,$(TARGETS),$(eval -include $(DEPS_DIR)/$(file)P))
            $(DEPS_DIR) :
                   mkdir $@
            %.pdf : %.tex
                   if [ ! -e $(DEPS_DIR) ]; then mkdir $(DEPS_DIR); fi
                   $(LATEXMK) -pdf -dvi- -ps- -deps-out=$(DEPS_DIR)/$@P $<
            %.pdf : %.fig
                   fig2dev -Lpdf $< $@

       (Again, the lines containing the  commands  for  the  rules  should  be
       started with tabs.)  This example was inspired by how GNU automake han-
       dles automatic dependency tracking of C source files.

       After  each  run of latexmk, dependency information is put in a file in
       the .deps subdirectory.  The Makefile causes these dependency files  to
       be read by make, which now has the full dependency information for each
       target  .pdf  file.   To make things less trivial it is specificed that
       two files document1.pdf and document2.pdf are the targets.  The  depen-
       dency files are .deps/document1.pdfP and .deps/document2.pdfP.

       There  is  now  no need for the phony prerequisite for the rule to make
       .pdf files from .tex files.  But I have added a rule to make .pdf files
       from .fig files produced by the xfig program; these are  commonly  used
       for  graphics  insertions  in  LaTeX documents.  Latexmk is arranged to
       output a dependency file after each run.  It is given the -recorder op-
       tion, which improves its detection of files generated during a  run  of
       pdflatex;  such files should not be in the dependency list.  The -e op-
       tions are used to turn off all custom  dependencies,  and  to  document



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       this.   Instead the -use-make is used to delegate the making of missing
       files to make itself.

       Suppose in the LaTeX file there is a  command  \includegraphics{graph},
       and  an xfig file "graph.fig" exists.  On a first run, pdflatex reports
       a missing file, named "graph". Latexmk succeeds in  making  "graph.pdf"
       by calling "make graph.pdf", and after completion of its work, it lists
       "fig.pdf" among the dependents of the file latexmk is making.  Then let
       "fig.fig"  be  updated,  and  then let make be run.  Make first remakes
       "fig.pdf", and only then reruns latexmk.

       Thus we now have a method by which all  the  subsidiary  processing  is
       delegated to make.

       Escaping  of  characters in dependency lists: There are certain special
       characters that need to be escaped when names of files and  directories
       containing  them  appear  in  a dependency list used by a make program.
       Generally, such special characters are best avoided.

       By default, latexmk does no escaping of this kind, and  the  user  will
       have to arrange to deal with the issue separately, if the relevant spe-
       cial  characters  are used.  Note that the rules for escaping depend on
       which make program is used, and on its version.

       One special case is of spaces, since those are particularly  prevalent,
       notably  in  standard  choices of name for a user's home directory.  So
       latexmk does provide an  option  to  escape  spaces.   See  the  option
       -deps_escape=... and the variable $deps_escape for details.



NON_ASCII CHARACTERS IN FILENAMES, RC FILES, ETC
       Modern operating systems and file systems allow non-ASCII characters in
       the  names  of  files  and  directories that encompass the full Unicode
       range.  Mostly, latexmk deals with these correctly.  However, there are
       some situations in which there are problems, notably on Microsoft  Win-
       dows.  Prior to version 4.77, latexmk had problems with non-ASCII file-
       names  on  Windows, even though there were no corresponding problems on
       macOS and Linux.  These problems are corrected in the present version.

       DETAILS TO BE FILLED IN



SEE ALSO
       latex(1), bibtex(1), lualatex(1), pdflatex(1), xelatex(1).


BUGS (SELECTED)
       Sometimes a viewer (gv) tries to read an updated .ps or .pdf file after
       its creation is started but before the file is complete.  Work  around:
       manually refresh (or reopen) display.  Or use one of the other preview-
       ers and update methods.




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       (The  following  isn't  really a bug, but concerns features of preview-
       ers.)  Preview continuous mode only works perfectly with  certain  pre-
       viewers:  Xdvi  on  UNIX/Linux  works  for dvi files.  Gv on UNIX/Linux
       works for both postscript and pdf.  Ghostview  on  UNIX/Linux  needs  a
       manual  update (reopen); it views postscript and pdf.  Gsview under MS-
       Windows works for both postscript and pdf, but only reads  the  updated
       file  when  its  screen  is refreshed.  Acroread under UNIX/Linux views
       pdf, but the file needs to be closed and reopened to  view  an  updated
       version.   Under  MS-Windows,  acroread locks its input file and so the
       pdf file cannot be updated.  (Remedy: configure latexmk  to  use  suma-
       trapdf instead.)

THANKS TO
       Authors  of previous versions.  Many users with their feedback, and es-
       pecially David Coppit (username david at node coppit.org) who made many
       useful suggestions that contributed to version 3, and  Herbert  Schulz.
       (Please  note  that the e-mail addresses are not written in their stan-
       dard form to avoid being harvested too easily.)

AUTHOR
       Current version, by John Collins (Version 4.85).  Report  bugs  etc  to
       his e-mail (jcc8 at psu.edu).

       Released      version      can      be      obtained     from     CTAN:
       <http://www.ctan.org/pkg/latexmk/>,  and  from  the  author's   website
       <https://www.cantab.net/users/johncollins/latexmk/>.
       Modifications and enhancements by Evan McLean (Version 2.0)
       Original script called "go" by David J. Musliner (RCS Version 3.2)





























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