2.5 1D samples

This section is devoted to visualization of 1D data arrays. 1D means the data which depend on single index (parameter) like curve in parametric form {x(i),y(i),z(i)}, i=1...n. Most of samples will use the same data for plotting. So, I put its initialization in separate function

void mgls_prepare1d(mglData *y, mglData *y1=0, mglData *y2=0, mglData *x1=0, mglData *x2=0)
{
  register long i,n=50;
  if(y) y->Create(n,3);
  if(x1)  x1->Create(n);    if(x2)  x2->Create(n);
  if(y1)  y1->Create(n);    if(y2)  y2->Create(n);
  mreal xx;
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
    xx = i/(n-1.);
    if(y)
    {
      y->a[i] = 0.7*sin(2*M_PI*xx) + 0.5*cos(3*M_PI*xx) + 0.2*sin(M_PI*xx);
      y->a[i+n] = sin(2*M_PI*xx);
      y->a[i+2*n] = cos(2*M_PI*xx);
    }
    if(y1)  y1->a[i] = 0.5+0.3*cos(2*M_PI*xx);
    if(y2)  y2->a[i] = 0.3*sin(2*M_PI*xx);
    if(x1)  x1->a[i] = xx*2-1;
    if(x2)  x2->a[i] = 0.05+0.03*cos(2*M_PI*xx);
  }
}

or using C functions

void mgls_prepare1d(HMDT y, HMDT y1=0, HMDT y2=0, HMDT x1=0, HMDT x2=0)
{
  register long i,n=50;
  if(y)   mgl_data_create(y,n,3,1);
  if(x1)  mgl_data_create(x1,n,1,1);
  if(x2)  mgl_data_create(x2,n,1,1);
  if(y1)  mgl_data_create(y1,n,1,1);
  if(y2)  mgl_data_create(y2,n,1,1);
  mreal xx;
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
    xx = i/(n-1.);
    if(y)
    {
      mgl_data_set_value(y, 0.7*sin(2*M_PI*xx) + 0.5*cos(3*M_PI*xx) + 0.2*sin(M_PI*xx), i,0,0);
      mgl_data_set_value(y, sin(2*M_PI*xx), i,1,0);
      mgl_data_set_value(y, cos(2*M_PI*xx), i,2,0);
    }
    if(y1)  mgl_data_set_value(y1, 0.5+0.3*cos(2*M_PI*xx), i,0,0);
    if(y2)  mgl_data_set_value(y2, 0.3*sin(2*M_PI*xx), i,0,0);
    if(x1)  mgl_data_set_value(x1, xx*2-1, i,0,0);
    if(x2)  mgl_data_set_value(x2, 0.05+0.03*cos(2*M_PI*xx), i,0,0);
  }
}

2.5.1 Plot sample

Function plot is most standard way to visualize 1D data array. By default, Plot use colors from palette. However, you can specify manual color/palette, and even set to use new color for each points by using ‘!’ style. Another feature is ‘ ’ style which draw only markers without line between points. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData y;  mgls_prepare1d(&y); gr->SetOrigin(0,0,0);
  gr->SubPlot(2,2,0,"");  gr->Title("Plot plot (default)");
  gr->Box();  gr->Plot(y);

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,2,"");  gr->Title("'!' style; 'rgb' palette");
  gr->Box();  gr->Plot(y,"o!rgb");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,3,"");  gr->Title("just markers");
  gr->Box();  gr->Plot(y," +");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,1); gr->Title("3d variant");
  gr->Rotate(50,60);  gr->Box();
  mglData yc(30), xc(30), z(30);  z.Modify("2*x-1");
  yc.Modify("sin(pi*(2*x-1))"); xc.Modify("cos(pi*2*x-pi)");
  gr->Plot(xc,yc,z,"rs");
  return 0;
}

2.5.2 Radar sample

Function radar plot is variant of Plot one, which make plot in polar coordinates and draw radial rays in point directions. If you just need a plot in polar coordinates then I recommend to use Curvilinear coordinates or Plot in parabolic form with x=r*cos(fi); y=r*sin(fi);. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData yr(10,3); yr.Modify("0.4*sin(pi*(2*x+y))+0.1*rnd");
  gr->SubPlot(1,1,0,"");  gr->Title("Radar plot (with grid, '\\#')");
  gr->Radar(yr,"#");
  return 0;
}

2.5.3 Step sample

Function step plot data as stairs. It have the same options as Plot. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData y;  mgls_prepare1d(&y); gr->SetOrigin(0,0,0);
  mglData yc(30), xc(30), z(30);  z.Modify("2*x-1");
  yc.Modify("sin(pi*(2*x-1))"); xc.Modify("cos(pi*2*x-pi)");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,0,"");  gr->Title("Step plot (default)");
  gr->Box();  gr->Step(y);

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,1); gr->Title("3d variant");  gr->Rotate(50,60);
  gr->Box();  gr->Step(xc,yc,z,"r");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,2,"");  gr->Title("'!' style");
  gr->Box();  gr->Step(y,"s!rgb");
  return 0;
}

2.5.4 Tens sample

Function tens is variant of plot with smooth coloring along the curves. At this, color is determined as for surfaces (see Color scheme). The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData y;  mgls_prepare1d(&y); gr->SetOrigin(0,0,0);
  gr->SubPlot(2,2,0,"");  gr->Title("Tens plot (default)");
  gr->Box();  gr->Tens(y.SubData(-1,0), y.SubData(-1,1));

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,2,"");  gr->Title("' ' style");
  gr->Box();  gr->Tens(y.SubData(-1,0), y.SubData(-1,1),"o ");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,1); gr->Title("3d variant");  gr->Rotate(50,60);  gr->Box();
  mglData yc(30), xc(30), z(30);  z.Modify("2*x-1");
  yc.Modify("sin(pi*(2*x-1))"); xc.Modify("cos(pi*2*x-pi)");
  gr->Tens(xc,yc,z,z,"s");
  return 0;
}

2.5.5 Area sample

Function area fill the area between curve and axis plane. It support gradient filling if 2 colors per curve is specified. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData y;  mgls_prepare1d(&y); gr->SetOrigin(0,0,0);
  gr->SubPlot(2,2,0,"");  gr->Title("Area plot (default)");
  gr->Box();  gr->Area(y);

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,1,"");  gr->Title("2 colors");
  gr->Box();  gr->Area(y,"cbgGyr");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,2,"");  gr->Title("'!' style");
  gr->Box();  gr->Area(y,"!");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,3); gr->Title("3d variant");
  gr->Rotate(50,60);  gr->Box();
  mglData yc(30), xc(30), z(30);  z.Modify("2*x-1");
  yc.Modify("sin(pi*(2*x-1))"); xc.Modify("cos(pi*2*x-pi)");
  gr->Area(xc,yc,z,"r");
  yc.Modify("-sin(pi*(2*x-1))");  gr->Area(xc,yc,z,"b#");
  return 0;
}

2.5.6 Region sample

Function region fill the area between 2 curves. It support gradient filling if 2 colors per curve is specified. Also it can fill only the region y1<y<y2 if style ‘i’ is used. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData y;  mgls_prepare1d(&y);
  mglData y1 = y.SubData(-1,1), y2 = y.SubData(-1,2); gr->SetOrigin(0,0,0);
  gr->SubPlot(2,2,0,"");  gr->Title("Region plot (default)");
  gr->Box();  gr->Region(y1,y2);  gr->Plot(y1,"k2");  gr->Plot(y2,"k2");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,1,"");  gr->Title("2 colors");
  gr->Box();  gr->Region(y1,y2,"yr"); gr->Plot(y1,"k2");  gr->Plot(y2,"k2");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,2,"");  gr->Title("'!' style");
  gr->Box();  gr->Region(y1,y2,"!");  gr->Plot(y1,"k2");  gr->Plot(y2,"k2");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,3,"");  gr->Title("'i' style");
  gr->Box();  gr->Region(y1,y2,"ir"); gr->Plot(y1,"k2");  gr->Plot(y2,"k2");
  return 0;
}

2.5.7 Stem sample

Function stem draw vertical bars. It is most attractive if markers are drawn too. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData y;  mgls_prepare1d(&y); gr->SetOrigin(0,0,0);
  mglData yc(30), xc(30), z(30);  z.Modify("2*x-1");
  yc.Modify("sin(pi*(2*x-1))"); xc.Modify("cos(pi*2*x-pi)");
  gr->SubPlot(2,2,0,"");  gr->Title("Stem plot (default)");
  gr->Box();  gr->Stem(y);

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,1); gr->Title("3d variant");  gr->Rotate(50,60);
  gr->Box();  gr->Stem(xc,yc,z,"rx");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,2,"");  gr->Title("'!' style");
  gr->Box();  gr->Stem(y,"o!rgb");
  return 0;
}

2.5.8 Bars sample

Function bars draw vertical bars. It have a lot of options: bar-above-bar (‘a’ style), fall like (‘f’ style), 2 colors for positive and negative values, wired bars (‘#’ style), 3D variant. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData ys(10,3); ys.Modify("0.8*sin(pi*(2*x+y/2))+0.2*rnd");
  gr->SetOrigin(0,0,0);
  gr->SubPlot(3,2,0,"");  gr->Title("Bars plot (default)");
  gr->Box();  gr->Bars(ys);

  gr->SubPlot(3,2,1,"");  gr->Title("2 colors");
  gr->Box();  gr->Bars(ys,"cbgGyr");

  gr->SubPlot(3,2,4,"");  gr->Title("'\\#' style");
  gr->Box();  gr->Bars(ys,"#");

  gr->SubPlot(3,2,5); gr->Title("3d variant");
  gr->Rotate(50,60);  gr->Box();
  mglData yc(30), xc(30), z(30);  z.Modify("2*x-1");
  yc.Modify("sin(pi*(2*x-1))"); xc.Modify("cos(pi*2*x-pi)");
  gr->Bars(xc,yc,z,"r");

  gr->SetRanges(-1,1,-3,3);
  gr->SubPlot(3,2,2,"");  gr->Title("'a' style");
  gr->Box();  gr->Bars(ys,"a");

  gr->SubPlot(3,2,3,"");  gr->Title("'f' style");
  gr->Box();  gr->Bars(ys,"f");
  return 0;
}

2.5.9 Barh sample

Function barh is the similar to Bars but draw horizontal bars. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData ys(10,3); ys.Modify("0.8*sin(pi*(2*x+y/2))+0.2*rnd");
  gr->SetOrigin(0,0,0);
  gr->SubPlot(2,2,0,"");  gr->Title("Barh plot (default)");
  gr->Box();  gr->Barh(ys);

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,1,"");  gr->Title("2 colors");
  gr->Box();  gr->Barh(ys,"cbgGyr");

  gr->SetRanges(-3,3,-1,1);
  gr->SubPlot(2,2,2,"");  gr->Title("'a' style");
  gr->Box();  gr->Barh(ys,"a");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,3,"");  gr->Title("'f' style");
  gr->Box();  gr->Barh(ys,"f");
  return 0;
}

2.5.10 Cones sample

Function cones is similar to Bars but draw cones. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData ys(10,3);   ys.Modify("0.8*sin(pi*(2*x+y/2))+0.2*rnd");
  gr->Light(true);    gr->SetOrigin(0,0,0);
  gr->SubPlot(2,2,0); gr->Title("Cones plot");
  gr->Rotate(50,60);  gr->Box();  gr->Cones(ys);

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,1); gr->Title("2 colors");
  gr->Rotate(50,60);  gr->Box();  gr->Cones(ys,"cbgGyr");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,2); gr->Title("'#' style");
  gr->Rotate(50,60);  gr->Box();  gr->Cones(ys,"#");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,3); gr->Title("'a' style");
  gr->SetRange('z',-2,2); // increase range since summation can exceed [-1,1]
  gr->Rotate(50,60);  gr->Box();  gr->Cones(ys,"a");
  return 0;
}

2.5.11 Chart sample

Function chart draw colored boxes with width proportional to data values. Use ‘ ’ for empty box. Plot looks most attractive in polar coordinates – well known pie chart. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData ch(7,2);  for(int i=0;i<7*2;i++)  ch.a[i]=mgl_rnd()+0.1;
  gr->SubPlot(2,2,0); gr->Title("Chart plot (default)");
  gr->Light(true);  gr->Rotate(50,60);  gr->Box();  gr->Chart(ch);

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,1); gr->Title("'\\#' style");
  gr->Rotate(50,60);  gr->Box();  gr->Chart(ch,"#");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,2); gr->Title("Pie chart; ' ' color");
  gr->SetFunc("(y+1)/2*cos(pi*x)","(y+1)/2*sin(pi*x)","");
  gr->Rotate(50,60);  gr->Box();  gr->Chart(ch,"bgr cmy#");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,3); gr->Title("Ring chart; ' ' color");
  gr->SetFunc("(y+2)/3*cos(pi*x)","(y+2)/3*sin(pi*x)","");
  gr->Rotate(50,60);  gr->Box();  gr->Chart(ch,"bgr cmy#");
  return 0;
}

2.5.12 BoxPlot sample

Function boxplot draw box-and-whisker diagram. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData a(10,7);  a.Modify("(2*rnd-1)^3/2");
  gr->SubPlot(1,1,0,"");  gr->Title("Boxplot plot");
  gr->Box();  gr->BoxPlot(a);
  return 0;
}

2.5.13 Candle sample

Function candle draw candlestick chart. This is a combination of a line-chart and a bar-chart, in that each bar represents the range of price movement over a given time interval. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData y(30);  gr->Fill(y,"sin(pi*x/2)^2");
  mglData y1(30); gr->Fill(y1,"v/2",y);
  mglData y2(30); gr->Fill(y2,"(1+v)/2",y);
  gr->SubPlot(1,1,0,"");  gr->Title("Candle plot (default)");
  gr->SetRange('y',0,1);  gr->Box();  gr->Candle(y,y1,y2);
  return 0;
}

2.5.14 Error sample

Function error draw error boxes around the points. You can draw default boxes or semi-transparent symbol (like marker, see Line styles). Also you can set individual color for each box. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData y;  mgls_prepare1d(&y);
  mglData x0(10), y0(10), ex0(10), ey0(10);
  mreal x;
  for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
  {
    x = i/9.;
    x0.a[i] = 2*x-1 + 0.1*mgl_rnd()-0.05;
    y0.a[i] = 0.7*sin(2*M_PI*x)+0.5*cos(3*M_PI*x)+0.2*sin(M_PI*x)+0.2*mgl_rnd()-0.1;
    ey0.a[i]=0.2; ex0.a[i]=0.1;
  }

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,0,"");  gr->Title("Error plot (default)");
  gr->Box();  gr->Plot(y.SubData(-1,0));  gr->Error(x0,y0,ex0,ey0,"ko");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,1,"");  gr->Title("'!' style; no e_x");
  gr->Box();  gr->Plot(y.SubData(-1,0));  gr->Error(x0,y0,ey0,"o!rgb");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,2,"");  gr->Title("'\\@' style");
  gr->Box();  gr->Plot(y.SubData(-1,0));  gr->Error(x0,y0,ex0,ey0,"@","alpha 0.5");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,3); gr->Title("3d variant");  gr->Rotate(50,60);
  for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
    gr->Error(mglPoint(2*mgl_rnd()-1,2*mgl_rnd()-1,2*mgl_rnd()-1),
              mglPoint(0.2,0.2,0.2),"bo");
  gr->Axis();
  return 0;
}

2.5.15 Mark sample

Function mark draw markers at points. It is mostly the same as Plot but marker size can be variable. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData y,y1; mgls_prepare1d(&y,&y1);
  gr->SubPlot(1,1,0,"");  gr->Title("Mark plot (default)");
  gr->Box();  gr->Mark(y,y1,"s");
  return 0;
}

2.5.16 TextMark sample

Function textmark like Mark but draw text instead of markers. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData y,y1; mgls_prepare1d(&y,&y1);
  gr->SubPlot(1,1,0,"");  gr->Title("TextMark plot (default)");
  gr->Box();  gr->TextMark(y,y1,"\\gamma","r");
  return 0;
}

2.5.17 Label sample

Function label print text at data points. The string may contain ‘%x’, ‘%y’, ‘%z’ for x-, y-, z-coordinates of points, ‘%n’ for point index. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData ys(10); ys.Modify("0.8*sin(pi*2*x)+0.2*rnd");
  gr->SubPlot(1,1,0,"");  gr->Title("Label plot");
  gr->Box();  gr->Plot(ys," *");  gr->Label(ys,"y=%y");
  return 0;
}

2.5.18 Table sample

Function table draw table with data values. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData ys(10,3); ys.Modify("0.8*sin(pi*(2*x+y/2))+0.2*rnd");
  gr->SubPlot(2,2,0);  gr->Title("Table plot");
  gr->Table(ys,"y_1\ny_2\ny_3");   gr->Box();
  gr->SubPlot(2,2,1);  gr->Title("no borders, colored");
  gr->Table(ys,"y_1\ny_2\ny_3","r|");
  gr->SubPlot(2,2,2);  gr->Title("no font decrease");
  gr->Table(ys,"y_1\ny_2\ny_3","#");
  gr->SubPlot(2,2,3);  gr->Title("manual width, position");
  gr->Table(0.5, 0.95, ys,"y_1\ny_2\ny_3","#", "value 0.7");  gr->Box();
  return 0;
}

2.5.19 Tube sample

Function tube draw tube with variable radius. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData y,y1,y2;  mgls_prepare1d(&y,&y1,&y2); y1/=20;
  gr->SubPlot(2,2,0,"");  gr->Title("Tube plot (default)");
  gr->Light(true);  gr->Box();  gr->Tube(y,0.05);

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,1,"");  gr->Title("variable radius");
  gr->Box();  gr->Tube(y,y1);

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,2,"");  gr->Title("'\\#' style");
  gr->Box();  gr->Tube(y,0.05,"#");
  mglData yc(50), xc(50), z(50);  z.Modify("2*x-1");
  yc.Modify("sin(pi*(2*x-1))"); xc.Modify("cos(pi*2*x-pi)");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,3); gr->Title("3d variant");  gr->Rotate(50,60);
  gr->Box();  gr->Tube(xc,yc,z,y2,"r");
  return 0;
}

2.5.20 Tape sample

Function tape draw tapes which rotate around the curve as normal and binormal. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData y;  mgls_prepare1d(&y);
  mglData xc(50), yc(50), z(50);
  yc.Modify("sin(pi*(2*x-1))");
  xc.Modify("cos(pi*2*x-pi)");  z.Fill(-1,1);
  gr->SubPlot(2,2,0,"");  gr->Title("Tape plot (default)");
  gr->Box();  gr->Tape(y);  gr->Plot(y,"k");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,1); gr->Title("3d variant, 2 colors");
  gr->Rotate(50,60);  gr->Light(true);
  gr->Box();  gr->Plot(xc,yc,z,"k");  gr->Tape(xc,yc,z,"rg");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,2); gr->Title("3d variant, x only");  gr->Rotate(50,60);
  gr->Box();  gr->Plot(xc,yc,z,"k");
  gr->Tape(xc,yc,z,"xr"); gr->Tape(xc,yc,z,"xr#");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,3); gr->Title("3d variant, z only");  gr->Rotate(50,60);
  gr->Box();  gr->Plot(xc,yc,z,"k");
  gr->Tape(xc,yc,z,"zg"); gr->Tape(xc,yc,z,"zg#");
  return 0;
}

2.5.21 Torus sample

Function torus draw surface of the curve rotation. The sample code is:

int sample(mglGraph *gr)
{
  mglData y1,y2;  mgls_prepare1d(0,&y1,&y2);
  gr->SubPlot(2,2,0); gr->Title("Torus plot (default)");
  gr->Light(true);  gr->Rotate(50,60);  gr->Box();  gr->Torus(y1,y2);
  if(mini)  return;

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,1); gr->Title("'x' style"); gr->Rotate(50,60);
  gr->Box();  gr->Torus(y1,y2,"x");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,2); gr->Title("'z' style"); gr->Rotate(50,60);
  gr->Box();  gr->Torus(y1,y2,"z");

  gr->SubPlot(2,2,3); gr->Title("'\\#' style"); gr->Rotate(50,60);
  gr->Box();  gr->Torus(y1,y2,"#");
  return 0;
}

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